Development, Validation, and Reliability of a P1 Objective Structured Clinical Examination Assessing the National EPAs.

Objective: To document the performance of first-year pharmacy students on a revised objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based on national entrustable professional activities, identify risk factors for poor performance, and assess its validity and reliability.

Methods: A working group developed the OSCE to verify students' progress toward readiness for advanced pharmacy practice experiences at the L1 level of entrustment (ready for thoughtful observation) on the national entrustable professional activities, with stations cross-mapped to the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education educational outcomes. Baseline characteristics and academic performance were used to investigate risk factors for poor performance and validity, respectively, by comparing students who were successful on the first attempt with those who were not.

Teaching Student Pharmacists to Apply Drug Literature to Patient Cases.

To implement a series of activities designed to build drug literature evaluation skills and assess their impact on student pharmacists' ability to apply study results to patient cases. Coursework was integrated across two didactic and pharmacy practice laboratory (PPL) courses. Team and individual journal clubs were used in traditional and case-based approaches during PPL courses to reinforce skills introduced in didactic courses.