Equine Assessment Procedures in Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship Unmounted Programs.

Highlights: Survey data collected from equine-assisted services programs that offer unmounted (ground) programs document the need for standardized equine safety evaluations. 36.7% of respondents used an objectively defined method (i.

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Desmotomies in Sheep Resulting in Peroneus Tertius Injury.

Surgical destabilization of the stifle joint via cranial cruciate ligament desmotomy (CCLD) is a routine procedure for the study of osteoarthritis (OA). Traditionally performed in rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs, CCLD in sheep provides an opportunity to study the pathology and treatment of joint instability in a species whose stifle better represents the equivalent human femorotibial joint. The surgical approaches for CCLD in sheep are variable and can result in inconsistent outcomes.