Physical Activity Amid a Pandemic: How Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Shaped Behaviors During COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant shifts in societal norms and individual behaviors, including changes in physical activity levels. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors and changes in physical activity levels during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels among adult Arkansans. Survey data were collected from 1,205 adult Arkansans in July and August 2020, capturing socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics and information on physical activity changes since the onset of the pandemic.

Patient satisfaction with Saudi community pharmacy services (Wasfaty System).

Introduction: The healthcare system in KSA has been substantially transformed as part of Vision 2030, including implementation of an electronic prescribing system, called Wasfaty, to enable patients to receive their prescriptions from community pharmacies (CPs). This study assessed patient satisfaction with CPs and the Wasfaty system.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study used existing data from the Saudi Ministry of Health's patient experience program.

Characteristics of Nursing Homes with High Rates of Urinary Tract Infections among Their Residents with Obesity.

Nursing home residents with obesity are at high risk for contracting urinary tract infections. In this research study, we found nursing homes in multi-facility chain organizations, for-profit status, nursing home size, obesity rate of resident population, and market competition were significantly associated with rates of urinary tract infections among residents with obesity.

Patient Satisfaction with Private Community Pharmacies versus Pharmacies in Primary Health Care Centers in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has begun reforming its government-run health care system to increase efficiency and reduce costs. One effort is the adoption of an electronic prescribing system (Wasfaty) and outsourcing pharmaceutical services from government-run clinics to community pharmacies (CP). This study aims to compare satisfaction with pharmaceutical services offered in the two systems.

Characteristics of United States nursing homes with high percentages of stage 2-4 pressure injuries among high-risk nursing home residents with obesity.

Obesity rates in nursing homes (NHs) are increasing. Residents with obesity are at risk for poor outcomes such as pressure injuries (PIs) due to special care needs such as bariatric medical equipment and special protocols for skin care. PIs among resident populations is a sign of poor quality NH care.

Non-use and inadequate use of cervical cancer screening among a representative sample of women in the United States.

Introduction: Women's adherence to the United States (U.S.) Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for cervical cancer screening was determined by examining predisposing, enabling, and needs factors from Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use conceptual framework.

Type 2 diabetes and health-related quality of life among older Medicare beneficiaries: The mediating role of sleep.

Objective: To examine mediating effects of sleep quality and duration on the association between T2D and QoL among Medicare beneficiaries 65+.

Methods: Data from the Medicare Health Outcome Survey (2015-2020) were used. The outcome was QoL (physical and mental health component-summary scores [PCS and MCS]) measured by the Veterans-Rand-12.

Healthy food delivery for type 2 diabetes management in rural clinics' patients: A comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Rural populations experience a higher prevalence of both food insecurity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than metropolitan populations and face many challenges in accessing resources essential to optimal T2DM self-management. This study aims to address these challenges by delivering a T2DM-appropriate food box and recipes directly to rural participants' homes.

Methods: This is a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial including 400 English- or Spanish-speaking rural adult participants with T2DM (HbA1c ≥6.

Assessment of diabetes self-care behaviors and knowledge among Marshallese adults with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess and document engagement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-care behaviors and self-reported diabetes knowledge among Marshallese adults living in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI).

Methods: The study uses data from a T2DM health screening study completed in the RMI; survey and biometric data were captured as part of the health screenings. Study objectives were examined using descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of the participants, their diabetes self-care behaviors, and their levels of self-reported diabetes knowledge.

Association Between Physical Activity and Physical Function in a Marshallese Population with Type 2 Diabetes.

Physical activity can delay functional decline in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but these associations have not been studied within a sample of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander adults with T2D. Using data from a randomized control trial in which 218 Marshallese adults with T2D participated in a 10-week diabetes self-management education intervention, this study tested our hypothesis that physical activity would predict physical function when controlling for time and other variables. Levels of physical activity were positively associated with levels of physical function, even after controlling for time and other covariates.

Determinants of periodic health examination uptake among adults in Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Periodic Health Examinations (PHEs) typically occur annually and provide an important opportunity for providers to screen their patients for undiagnosed health conditions and monitor existing conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension. Unfortunately, PHEs are reported to be low in Saudi Arabia. This study's aim was to assess the regular uptake of PHEs by adults residing in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia.

Health Profiles of Marshallese With and Without a Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

Background: The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) faces a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Objectives: The aim of the study is to document the health of Marshallese with and without a T2DM diagnosis to inform future interventions.

Design: Data are from screenings collected in preparation for a diabetes education intervention.

Characteristics of nursing homes with high percentages of falls and falls with injuries among residents with obesity.

Background: Obesity among United States nursing home (NH) residents is increasing. These residents have special care needs, which increases their risk for falls and falls with injuries. NH are responsible for ensuring the health of their residents, including minimizing falls.

An integrated approach to address diabetes in the context of food insecurity: Delivering health study protocol.

Background: Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) interventions among food insecure individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have found modest improvements in nutrition and health outcomes but are limited by barriers to attendance and retention. This study applies a community-based participatory research approach, engaging community members at all levels of intervention planning, development, implementation, and dissemination, to deliver a plain-language DSMES curriculum to food insecure community members with T2D.

Methods: This is a single-arm, pre-post design assessing the efficacy of a 12-week home-delivered DSMES curriculum and T2D-appropriate food box intervention to improve the nutrition and health outcomes of food insecure individuals with T2D.

Factors associated with breast cancer screening services use among women in the United States: An application of the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.

This study applied Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with adherence to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for breast cancer screening (BCS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors of BCS services utilization among 5484 women aged 50-74 from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. Predisposing factors significantly associated with use of BCS services were: being a Black (odds-ratios [OR]:1.

Low uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination in Al-Jouf region of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Seasonal influenza is a contagious viral respiratory condition typically occurring in the fall to early spring months of the year globally. The risk of infection from seasonal influenza can be greatly reduced with vaccination. Unfortunately, research has indicated that the seasonal influenza vaccination rate in Saudi Arabia is low.

Characteristics Associated with Knowledge about Periodic Health Examinations among Adults in Al-Jouf Region, KSA.

Objectives: A lack of knowledge is one of the key barriers that hinders the use of Periodic Health Examinations (PHEs). This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of PHE among adults residing in Al-Jouf region, KSA, and determine characteristics associated with such knowledge.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeting adults (≥18 years) residing in Al-Jouf region, KSA, was conducted to gather information relating to their sociodemographic characteristics, needs for healthcare, and knowledge about and practices toward PHE.

A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Diabetes Prevention Program Interventions for Overweight/Obese Marshallese Adults.

This study compared the effectiveness of two Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) interventions on weight loss among overweight and obese Marshallese adults. The study was a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 30 churches in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Marshallese adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m were eligible for the study.

Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Screening Disparities in U.S. Men and Women Using a Demographically Representative Sample.

Timely receipt of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can reduce morbidity and mortality. This is the first known study to adopt Andersen's model of health services use to identify factors associated with CRC screening among US adults. The data from National Health Interview Survey from 2019 was utilized to conduct the analyses.

Study protocol for family model diabetes self-management education with Marshallese participants in faith-based organizations.

Background: Culturally-appropriate family models of diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) using community health workers (CHWs) have been shown to help address barriers to improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management for racial/ethnic minority communities; however, there is limited DSMES research among Marshallese and other Pacific Islanders. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we engaged community stakeholders to co-design a study to implement a culturally adapted family model DSMES (F-DSMES) intervention in faith-based organizations (FBOs) (i.e.

Effectiveness-implementation trial comparing a family model of diabetes self-management education and support with a standard model.

Background: Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is an effective approach for improving diabetes self-care behaviors to achieve improved glycemic management and other health outcomes. Engaging family members may improve outcomes, both for the person with diabetes (PWD) and for the family members. However, family models of DSMES have been inconsistently defined and delivered.

Nursing home directors of nursing experiences regarding safety among residents with obesity.

The prevalence of nursing home (NH) residents with obesity is rising. Perspectives of NH Directors of Nursing (DONs) who oversee care trajectories for residents with obesity is lacking. This study aimed to describe the experiences of NH DONs regarding care and safety for NH residents with obesity.

Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To understand the associations between sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, and COVID-19-related changes in physical activity and diet and the reported number of days per week participants engaged in physical activity and consumed fruits and vegetables for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Respondents from Arkansas primary care clinics completed a survey between October 2020 and January 2021. Multivariable regression determined associations between sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, and COVID-19-related changes in physical activity and diet and the reported number of days per week participants engaged in physical activity and consumed fruits and vegetables.

Factors associated with telehealth use among adults in the United States: Findings from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care shifted to virtual interactions with health professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of telehealth use in a nationally representative sample of the United States adult population.

Methods: The study used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey of 17,582 respondents aged ≥18.

Factors Associated with Arkansans' First Use of Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine the factors associated with the first use of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic using Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization. Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization allowed the categorization of the independent variables into the following: (1) predisposing factors, including sociodemographic variables and health beliefs; (2) enabling factors, including socioeconomic status and access to care; and (3) need for care, including preexisting or newly diagnosed conditions and reasons to seek out care or to utilize a new mode of care.

Methods: Potential respondents ( = 4,077) were identified for recruitment from a volunteer registry in Arkansas.