Environmental variables driving horseshoe crab spawning behavior in a microtidal lagoon in Florida.

The timing of American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning behavior along the coast of Florida (United States) is generally associated with the highest tides during the spring and fall lunar cycles. All Florida estuaries support horseshoe crab populations, but tidal characteristics vary markedly among locations, which may influence the timing of horseshoe crab spawning behavior. The Indian River Lagoon is a large microtidal estuary on Florida's east coast.

Sources and concentrations of nutrients in surface runoff from waterfront homes with different landscape practices.

Development along Florida's coastal waterways has led to significant degradation in water quality over time. Numerous sources have contributed to increased nutrient loads in surface waters. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution from urban fertilizer use has been addressed at the state, county, and municipality level yet the success of these efforts is rarely evaluated.