Reported changes in romantic and sexual behavior among college and graduate students during COVID-19.

To understand changes in romantic and sexual behavior among college and graduate students in North Carolina during COVID-19. : Participants were between 18-30 years old and enrolled in a two- or four-year college or graduate program in North Carolina ( = 926). : A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered to college and graduate students to assess romantic and sexual behavioral changes during COVID-19.

Contraceptive Access and Use Among Undergraduate and Graduate Students During COVID-19: Online Survey Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread college campus closures in the months of March to June 2020, endangering students' access to on-campus health resources, including reproductive health services.

Objective: To assess contraceptive access and use among undergraduate and graduate students in North Carolina during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at degree-granting institutions in North Carolina.

Telemedicine services in higher education: a review of college and university websites.

Objectives: To identify rates of telemedicine provision during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictive institutional factors among 4-year and graduate colleges and universities.

Participants: The study (n = 364) included the websites (.edu) of accredited public nonprofit, private nonprofit, and private for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States that award bachelors, masters, or doctoral degrees.

Online peer support training to promote adolescents' emotional support skills, mental health and agency during COVID-19: Randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation.

Adolescents often look to their peers for emotional support, so it is critical that they are prepared to take on a supportive role, especially during a health crisis. Using a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN99248812, 28/05/2020), we tested the short-term efficacy of an online training programme to equip young people with skills to support to their peers' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020, one-hundred UK adolescents (aged 16-18) recruited through social media were randomly allocated (1:1) to immediate 5-day peer support training or a wait-list, via an independently generated allocation sequence.

Telemedicine access and higher educational attainment.

What role should telemedicine services play in a higher education landscape that increasingly embraces online education? How prominently should telemedicine feature in the suite of wraparound services that schools prioritize for vulnerable students? While many studies interrogate single-factor health issues and college success, this essay argues that significant research is needed to close knowledge gaps in understanding the relationship between telemedicine access and higher educational attainment.

Access to Physical Therapy in a Medically Underserved, Urban Community.

Purpose: Austin is Chicago's largest community and is 85% African American. The purpose of this study was to the examine facilitators and barriers to physical therapy (PT) access as described by Austin community residents and health care providers (HCPs).

Methods: Community residents (n=47) participated in focus groups.

Exploring the Limits of Bottom-Up Gold Filling to Fabricate Diffraction Gratings.

Gold deposition on rotating disk electrodes, Bi adsorption on planar Au films and superconformal Au filling of trenches up to 45 μm deep are examined in Bi-containing NaAu(SO) electrolytes with pH between 9.5 and 11.5.

Bottom-Up Copper Filling of Millimeter Size Through Silicon Vias.

This work demonstrates void-free Cu filling of millimeter size Through Silicon Vias (mm-TSV) in an acid copper sulfate electrolyte using a combination of a poloxamine suppressor and chloride, analogous to previous work filling TSV that were an order of magnitude smaller in size. For high chloride concentration (i.e.

Host investment into symbiosis varies among genotypes of the legume Acmispon strigosus, but host sanctions are uniform.

Efficient host control predicts the extirpation of ineffective symbionts, but they are nonetheless widespread in nature. We tested three hypotheses for the maintenance of symbiotic variation in rhizobia that associate with a native legume: partner mismatch between host and symbiont, such that symbiont effectiveness varies with host genotype; resource satiation, whereby extrinsic sources of nutrients relax host control; and variation in host control among host genotypes. We inoculated Acmispon strigosus from six populations with three Bradyrhizobium strains that vary in symbiotic effectiveness on sympatric hosts.

Fitness variation among host species and the paradox of ineffective rhizobia.

Legumes can preferentially select beneficial rhizobial symbionts and sanction ineffective strains that fail to fix nitrogen. Yet paradoxically, rhizobial populations vary from highly beneficial to ineffective in natural and agricultural soils. Classic models of symbiosis focus on the single dimension of symbiont cost-benefit to sympatric hosts, but fail to explain the widespread persistence of ineffective rhizobia.

Randomized controlled pilot study of an educational video plus telecare for the early outpatient management of musculoskeletal pain among older emergency department patients.

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits. Following discharge from the ED, patients, particularly older patients, often have difficulty controlling their pain and managing analgesic side effects. We conducted a pilot study of an educational video about pain management with and without follow-up telephone support for older adults presenting to the ED with musculoskeletal pain.

Bottom-Up Copper Filling of Large Scale Through Silicon Vias for MEMS Technology.

An electrodeposition process for void-free bottom-up filling of sub-millimeter scale through silicon vias (TSVs) with Cu is detailed. The 600 μm deep and nominally 125 μm diameter metallized vias were filled with Cu in less than 7 hours under potentiostatic control. The electrolyte is comprised of 1.

Social Support and Pain Outcomes After Trauma Exposure Among Older Adults: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: Certain forms of social support have been shown to improve pain-coping behaviors and pain outcomes in older adults with chronic pain, but little is known about the effect of social support on pain outcomes in older adults following trauma exposure.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective longitudinal study of adults aged 65 years and older presenting to an emergency department after a motor vehicle collision (MVC) to characterize the relationship between perceived social support and MVC-related pain after trauma overall and by subgroups based on sex, depressive symptoms, and marital status.

Results: In our sample (N=176), patients with low perceived social support had higher pain severity 6 weeks after MVC than patients with high perceived social support after adjustment for age, sex, race, and education (4.

Risk Factors for Malnutrition among Older Adults in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Among older adults, malnutrition is common, often missed by healthcare providers, and influences recovery from illness or injury.

Objective: To identify modifiable risk factors associated with malnutrition in older patients.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional multicenter study.

Ethnic Differences in Impact of Physical Activity Program on Psychological Symptoms in Youth.

Background: Children who engage in regular physical activity are protected from developing behavioral problems at home and school, but many children do not have the opportunity to participate in regular physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a noncurricular school-based physical activity program resulted in reductions in children's psychological problems in 2 domains: internalizing (eg, depression) and externalizing (eg, aggression) and whether these effects varied according to ethnicity, gender, and baseline psychological symptoms.

Methods: One hundred and eleven third-grade students (mean age = 8.

Availability of Advance Care Planning Documentation for Older Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Increasing advance care planning (ACP) among older adults is a national priority. Documentation of ACP in the electronic health record (EHR) is particularly important during emergency care.

Objective: We sought to characterize completion and availability of ACP among a subset of older patients at an academic emergency department (ED) with an integrated EHR.

Nonnodulating Bradyrhizobium spp. Modulate the Benefits of Legume-Rhizobium Mutualism.

Unlabelled: Rhizobia are best known for nodulating legume roots and fixing atmospheric nitrogen for the host in exchange for photosynthates. However, the majority of the diverse strains of rhizobia do not form nodules on legumes, often because they lack key loci that are needed to induce nodulation. Nonnodulating rhizobia are robust heterotrophs that can persist in bulk soil, thrive in the rhizosphere, or colonize roots as endophytes, but their role in the legume-rhizobium mutualism remains unclear.

Metapopulation dominance and genomic-island acquisition of Bradyrhizobium with superior catabolic capabilities.

Root nodule-forming rhizobia exhibit a bipartite lifestyle, replicating in soil and also within plant cells where they fix nitrogen for legume hosts. Host control models posit that legume hosts act as a predominant selective force on rhizobia, but few studies have examined rhizobial fitness in natural populations. Here, we genotyped and phenotyped Bradyrhizobium isolates across more than 800 km of the native Acmispon strigosus host range.

Epidemic Spread of Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Bradyrhizobium Genotypes Across California.

The patterns and drivers of bacterial strain dominance remain poorly understood in natural populations. Here, we cultured 1292 Bradyrhizobium isolates from symbiotic root nodules and the soil root interface of the host plant Acmispon strigosus across a >840-km transect in California. To investigate epidemiology and the potential role of accessory loci as epidemic drivers, isolates were genotyped at two chromosomal loci and were assayed for presence or absence of accessory "symbiosis island" loci that encode capacity to form nodules on hosts.

Native California soils are selective reservoirs for multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Soil bacteria can exhibit extensive antibiotic resistomes and act as reservoirs of important antibiotic resistance traits. However, the geographic sources and evolutionary drivers of resistance traits are poorly understood in these natural settings. We investigated the prevalence, spatial structure and evolutionary drivers of multidrug resistance in natural populations of Bradyrhizobium, a cosmopolitan bacterial lineage that thrives in soil and aquatic systems as well as in plant and human hosts.

Lotus hosts delimit the mutualism-parasitism continuum of Bradyrhizobium.

Symbioses are modelled as evolutionarily and ecologically variable with fitness outcomes for hosts shifting on a continuum from mutualism to parasitism. In a classic example, rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen for legume hosts in exchange for photosynthetic carbon. Rhizobial infection often enhances legume growth, but hosts also incur interaction costs because of root tissues and or metabolites needed to support symbionts in planta.

Efficiency of partner choice and sanctions in Lotus is not altered by nitrogen fertilization.

Eukaryotic hosts must exhibit control mechanisms to select against ineffective bacterial symbionts. Hosts can minimize infection by less-effective symbionts (partner choice) and can divest of uncooperative bacteria after infection (sanctions). Yet, such host-control traits are predicted to be context dependent, especially if they are costly for hosts to express or maintain.

Micro-fabricated stylus ion trap.

An electroformed, three-dimensional stylus Paul trap was designed to confine a single atomic ion for use as a sensor to probe the electric-field noise of proximate surfaces. The trap was microfabricated with the UV-LIGA technique to reduce the distance of the ion from the surface of interest. We detail the fabrication process used to produce a 150 μm tall stylus trap with feature sizes of 40 μm.

Angle-insensitive structural colours based on metallic nanocavities and coloured pixels beyond the diffraction limit.

To move beyond colorant-based pigmentation display technologies, a variety of photonic and plasmonic crystal based structures have been designed and applied as colour filters. Nanostructure based colour filtering offers increased efficiencies, low power consumption, slim dimensions, and enhanced resolution. However, incident angle tolerance still needs to be improved.