From standard therapies to monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors - an update for reconstructive surgeons on common oncological cases.

Malignancies represent a persisting worldwide health burden. Tumor treatment is commonly based on surgical and/or non-surgical therapies. In the recent decade, novel non-surgical treatment strategies involving monoclonal antibodies (mAB) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been successfully incorporated into standard treatment algorithms.

Hard shell, soft core? Multi-disciplinary and multi-national insights into mental toughness among surgeons.

Background: With the prevalence of burnout among surgeons posing a significant threat to healthcare outcomes, the mental toughness of medical professionals has come to the fore. Mental toughness is pivotal for surgical performance and patient safety, yet research into its dynamics within a global and multi-specialty context remains scarce. This study aims to elucidate the factors contributing to mental toughness among surgeons and to understand how it correlates with surgical outcomes and personal well-being.

Cellular therapeutics and immunotherapies in wound healing - on the pulse of time?

Chronic, non-healing wounds represent a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, often requiring significant human and financial resources. Chronic wounds arise from the complex interplay of underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes or vascular diseases, lifestyle factors, and genetic risk profiles which may predispose extremities to local ischemia. Injuries are further exacerbated by bacterial colonization and the formation of biofilms.

Gynecomastia Surgery in 4996 Male Patients Over 14 Years: A Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Trends, Predictive Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes.

Background: The high prevalence of benign male breast tissue enlargement (gynecomastia) has resulted in a marked increase of gynecomastia cases. While about one third of male adults experience some form of gynecomastia, gynecomastia surgery (GS) outcome research is limited to small study populations and single-center/-surgeon databases. In this study, we aimed to access the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to identify preoperative risk factors for complications and investigate postoperative outcomes of GS.

Sailing the Seven Seas: A Multinational Comparison of ChatGPT's Performance on Medical Licensing Examinations.

Purpose: The use of AI-powered technology, particularly OpenAI's ChatGPT, holds significant potential to reshape healthcare and medical education. Despite existing studies on the performance of ChatGPT in medical licensing examinations across different nations, a comprehensive, multinational analysis using rigorous methodology is currently lacking. Our study sought to address this gap by evaluating the performance of ChatGPT on six different national medical licensing exams and investigating the relationship between test question length and ChatGPT's accuracy.

Histomorphometry of the Sural Nerve for Use as a CFNG in Facial Reanimation Procedures.

Facial palsy (FP) is a debilitating nerve pathology. Cross Face Nerve Grafting (CFNG) describes a surgical technique that uses nerve grafts to reanimate the paralyzed face. The sural nerve has been shown to be a reliable nerve graft with little donor side morbidity.

The SSTeP-KiZ System-Secure Real-Time Communication Based on Open Web Standards for Multimodal Sensor-Assisted Tele-Psychotherapy.

In this manuscript, we describe the soft- and hardware architecture as well as the implementation of a modern Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system for sensor-assisted telepsychotherapy. It enables telepsychotherapy sessions in which the patient exercises therapy-relevant behaviors in their home environment under the remote supervision of the therapist. Wearable sensor information (electrocardiogram (ECG), movement sensors, and eye tracking) is streamed in real time to the therapist to deliver objective information about specific behavior-triggering situations and the stress level of the patients.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood and adolescence often leads to significant impairment in various areas of life and has a high risk of becoming chronic. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended first-line treatment, but it is too rarely implemented in accordance with guidelines and is often not available close to the patient's home. Importantly, internet-based CBT could help to reduce this gap in care.

Internet-based psychotherapy in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children can lead to a huge burden on the concerned patients and their family members. While successful state-of-the art cognitive behavioral interventions exist, there is still a lack of available experts for treatment at home, where most symptoms manifest. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could overcome these restrictions; however, studies about iCBT in children with OCD are rare and mostly target computerized self-help resources and only email contact with the therapist.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a feasibility study.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first choice of treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, there is often a lack of access to appropriate treatment close to the home of the patients. An internet-based CBT via videoconferencing could facilitate access to state-of-the-art treatment even in remote areas.

The impact of lesions and epilepsy on personality and mood in patients with symptomatic epilepsy: a pre- to postoperative follow-up study.

Purpose: To discern more static and lesion based from more dynamic epilepsy-driven features of depression and personality in focal symptomatic epilepsy, change in personality and mood was examined as a function of focus lateralization and seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery.

Methods: Self-reported personality and depression were assessed before and 1 year after epilepsy surgery in 151 consecutive patients with temporal (N=125) or extratemporal lobe epilepsy (N=26).

Results: At baseline only depressed mood (31%) and introversion (38%) appeared elevated, the first being more frequent in right lateralized epilepsies, the latter being pronounced in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Evaluation of esthetic, functional, and quality-of-life outcome in adult cleft lip and palate patients.

Objective: Evaluation of esthetic, functional, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes in adult patients with a repaired cleft lip and palate. The treatment for all patients was based on the so-called Vienna concept.

Patients/design: Seventy adult patients with a repaired complete cleft lip and palate, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years, were included in the study.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induces JunD-DNA binding and extends cell cycle in human ovarian cancer cells.

Expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its receptor as part of an autocrine regulatory system of cell proliferation has been demonstrated in a number of human malignant tumors, including cancers of the ovary. This study was conducted to investigate whether LHRH induces activation of JunD and affects cell cycle regulation and DNA synthesis. Treatment of primary human ovarian cancer cells and human ovarian cancer cell lines EFO-21 and EFO-27 with LHRH agonist triptorelin (100 nM) resulted in an increase in G(0/1) phase and a decrease in G(2/S) phase of cell cycle.

Intra-arterial preoperative cytostatic treatment versus preoperative irradiation: A prospective, randomized study of lingual and sublingual carcinomas.

Background: For several decades, both preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy and preoperative irradiation have been accepted treatments for patients with tumors of the head and neck. Unfortunately, arguments have often been put forward in favor of one or other of the two methods, but without the performance of an objective, randomized investigation. To resolve this situation, the authors have carried out a multicenter, randomized prospective study of selected patients with a view to deciding which method affords better results in complex tumor therapy from the aspects of survival and postoperative quality of life.

Extensive facial vascular malformations and haemangiomas: a review of the literature and case reports.

We present 6 selected cases of extensive facial vascular anomalies extending to the skull base or actually involving it. These patients are compared with other cases in the literature. The spontaneous course of these vascular lesions is different and so variable treatment modalities are suggested depending on the age of the patient and the type of lesion.

Treatment of intraosseous high flow arteriovenous malformation of the mandible by temporary segmental ostectomy for extracorporal tumour resection: a case report.

We present a case of intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the mandible with temporary segmental resection, extracorporal removal of the vascular malformation from the osteotomized mandibular bone and intraoperative osteosynthetic replantation of the avascular bony remnant. In a follow-up after 1 year, when removing the titanium miniplates used for osteosynthesis, the mandibular bone was found to have remodelled completely. There is no recurrence of the lesion in a follow-up after 2 years.

Pedicled calvarial bone flap for reconstruction of the anterior skull base following tumor resection.

According to our experience in five patients, the calvarial bone flap pedicled on the temporalis muscle in combination with a galeal-pericranial flap can be recommended for one-stage reconstruction of the anterior skull base following tumor resection. It gives good support to the brain, prevents CSF leakage and ascending infection, and can be used for closure of defects exceeding the midline.

[Reconstruction of the orbital roof after tumor resection with a pedicled muscle calvarial flap--the calvaria temporalis flap].

The reconstruction after radical orbital exenteration and tumor resection in the anterior skull base may be difficult. To cover these particular perforations we introduce a calvarial bone flap vascularized by a pedicle of the temporal muscle. Technique and experience in 6 cases are reported.

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. Follow-up of thirteen patients.

We undertook a postoperative clinical study of 13 patients with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints. The study consisted of an evaluation of the surgical concepts of resection and subsequent surgical reconstruction by osteotomy in previous height of the joint space and lining of the glenoid fossa with lyophilized dura. Early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy are mandatory postoperative measures.

[Intra- and extra-capsular condyle fractures in the growth period. Therapy, clinical course, complications].

37 patients had been reviewed after surgical (n = 25) or conservative (n = 12) treatment of condylar fractures. Morphologic and functional outcomes were equal in spite of the poorer starting position of the patients that had been operated on. Injuries and complications due to the operation, such as facial nerve palsy, growth inhibition or obvious scars have never been found.

[Midfacial and mandibular fractures during the growth period].

This study investigated the occurrence of primary and secondary complications following conservative versus surgical intervention in the treatment of midface and lower jaw fractures. Follow-up studies were undertaken on 81 patients who had been admitted to the above clinic with such fractures during their adolescence. It was found that more complications developed after surgical intervention.