De novo generation of colorectal patient educational materials using large language models: Prompt engineering key to improved readability.

Background: Improving patient education has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and reduce disparities, though such efforts can be labor intensive. Large language models may serve as an accessible method to improve patient educational material. The aim of this study was to compare readability between existing educational materials and those generated by large language models.

Achieving Health Equity: Advancing Colorectal Surgery among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in America.

Racial inequities in short and long-term outcomes following colorectal surgery continue to persist. Using inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer as disease foci, we review existing racial inequities in surgical outcomes and complications, discuss how social determinants of health and biopsychosocial factors can contribute to these inequities, and highlight potential mechanisms for building interventions to achieve health equity following colorectal surgery for minority populations.

A Decade of Achievements: International Society of Paediatric Oncology Baseline Nursing Standards.

The six International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Baseline Nursing Standards provide the first evidence-based framework for assessing and improving pediatric oncology nursing practice settings in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Over the past 10 years, the standards have been translated to six languages, endorsed by 13 organizations, surveyed at 101 hospitals in 54 countries, and initiatives have been documented at over 63 institutions in 31 countries. Going forward, the SIOP Nursing Network's Baseline Standards Special Interest Group has established a 5-year strategic plan to guide advocacy, research, and standards implementation through global multidisciplinary collaboration.

Semaglutide and Postoperative Outcomes in Non-Diabetic Patients Following Body Contouring Surgery.

Background: Semaglutide is a medication used for weight loss in obese patients. Recently, many plastic surgeons have recommended its use of semaglutide following bariatric surgery to increase one's weight loss. However, postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, delayed healing, and infection pose significant risks.

Expedited discharge and risk of readmission after ostomy construction.

Background: Expedited discharge after surgery with construction of an ostomy may leave patients less prepared for home self-care, leading to increased hospital readmissions. We evaluated whether readmission rates were greater for patients with an expedited discharge (1-2 days) compared with nonexpedited discharge (3-5 days) after ostomy construction.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients undergoing ostomy construction was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Safety and Quality Improvement Project data between years 2019 and 2020.

The Readability, Understandability, and Suitability of Online Resources for Ostomy Care.

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the content, readability, understandability, and suitability of online resources for patient specific ostomy care.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subject And Setting: Online websites for ostomy care designed for patients.

Management of Localized and Locally Advanced Anal Cancer.

The initial evaluation and workup of anal canal cancer and perianal cancer is the same, but treatment strategies differ based on stage and location of disease. Chemoradiation remains the cornerstone of treatment for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while surgery is typically reserved for persistent or recurrent disease. Perianal SCC can be treated with local excision for early stage disease (T1N0, select T2N0) or chemoradiation for later stages.

Association of Limited Health Literacy With Frailty, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults With Cancer: The Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation Registry.

Purpose: Limited health literacy-ability to obtain, process, and understand health information-can hinder communication, access to medical treatment, and identification and management of comorbidities. Older adults have high rates of poor health literacy, but its role in aging-related outcomes among older adults with cancer is understudied.

Methods: We included 876 older adults age 60 years and older with cancer from the Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation Registry completing self-reported geriatric assessment, including health literacy, at first visit to medical oncology.

Socioecological Determinants of Health and the Quality of Colonoscopy in Rural Alabama.

Background: Rural patients experience a higher incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer. Ensuring high-quality screening is essential to address these disparities.

Objective: To investigate whether socioecological determinants of health are associated with colonoscopy quality in rural Alabama.

A case series describing combined negative pressure wound therapy and split-thickness skin graft as a method of sterilizing and closing midline laparotomy wounds near ostomies.

Background: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes wound sterilization, improves tissue granulation, and ensures appropriate wound healing. Its potential in contaminated abdominal procedures is still under study, but the results are promising.

Purpose: This research provides insight into the use of NPWT for the effective preparation of laparotomy wounds in close proximity to ostomies.

Lentiviral vectors for precise expression to treat X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP1) results from gene mutations affecting the SLAM-associated protein (SAP). A regulated lentiviral vector (LV), XLP-SMART LV, designed to express SAP at therapeutic levels in T, NK, and NKT cells, is crucial for effective gene therapy. We experimentally identified 34 genomic regulatory elements of the gene and designed XLP-SMART LVs to emulate the lineage and stage-specific control of SAP.

Novel Characterization of Socioecological Determinants of Health in Rural Alabama.

Introduction: Socioecological determinants of health (SEDOHs) influence disparities in surgical outcomes. However, SEDOHs are challenging to measure, limiting our ability to address disparities. Using a validated survey (SEDOH-88), we assessed SEDOHs in three rural communities in Alabama.

Whole exome sequencing reveals diverse genomic relatedness between paired concurrent endometrial and ovarian carcinomas.

Introduction: Concurrent non-serous endometrial and ovarian tumours are often managed clinically as two separate primary tumours, but almost all exhibit evidence of a genomic relationship.

Methodology: This study investigates the extent of relatedness using whole exome sequencing, which was performed on paired non-serous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas from 27 patients with concurrent tumours in a cohort with detailed clinicopathological annotation. Four whole exome sequencing-derived parameters (mutation, mutational burden, mutational signatures and mutant allele tumour heterogeneity scores) were used to develop a novel unsupervised model for the assessment of genomic similarity to infer genomic relatedness of paired tumours.

Preoperative Education is Associated with Adherence to Downstream Components and Outcomes in a Colorectal Surgery Enhanced Recovery Program.

Objective: This study evaluated the association between preoperative education and adherence to downstream components of enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) and surgical outcomes among patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Background: ERPs improve outcomes for surgical patients. While preoperative education is an essential component of ERPs, its relationship with other components is unclear.

The survival benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection in epithelial ovarian cancer is histotype specific.

Background: Complete macroscopic resection is a key factor associated with prolonged survival in ovarian cancer. However, most evidence derives from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and the benefit of complete macroscopic resection in other histotypes is poorly characterized. We sought to determine which histotypes derive the greatest benefit from complete macroscopic resection to better inform future decisions on radical cytoreductive efforts.

High risk populations for unplanned healthcare utilization following ostomy construction.

Background: Patients with a new ostomy have high rates of unplanned healthcare utilization (UPHU). We used machine learning to assess which factors contributed the most to UPHU after ostomy construction.

Methods: We retrospectively studied new ostomy patients between 2018 and 2021 ​at a single institution.

Ovarian carcinosarcoma is highly aggressive compared to other ovarian cancer histotypes.

Background: Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an unusual ovarian cancer type characterized by distinct carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. OCS has been excluded from many of the pan-histotype studies of ovarian carcinoma, limiting our understanding of its behavior.

Methods: We performed a multi-cohort cross-sectional study of characteristics and outcomes in ovarian cancer patients from Scotland (n=2082) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER, n=44946) diagnosed with OCS or one of the other major histotypes: high grade serous (HGSOC), endometrioid (EnOC), clear cell (CCOC), mucinous (MOC) or low grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC).

A novel high-titer, bifunctional lentiviral vector for autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy of sickle cell disease.

A major limitation of gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is the availability and access to a potentially curative one-time treatment, due to high treatment costs. We have developed a high-titer bifunctional lentiviral vector (LVV) in a vector backbone that has reduced size, high vector yields, and efficient gene transfer to human CD34 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This LVV contains locus control region cores expressing an anti-sickling β-globin gene and two microRNA-adapted short hairpin RNA simultaneously targeting and transcripts to maximally induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression.

RFWD3 modulates response to platinum chemotherapy and promotes cancer associated phenotypes in high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: DNA damage repair is frequently dysregulated in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which can lead to changes in chemosensitivity and other phenotypic differences in tumours. RFWD3, a key component of multiple DNA repair and maintenance pathways, was investigated to characterise its impact in HGSOC.

Methods: RFWD3 expression and association with clinical features was assessed using analysis in the TCGA HGSOC dataset, and in a further cohort of HGSOC tumours stained for RFWD3 using immunohistochemistry.

High throughput screening identifies dasatinib as synergistic with trametinib in low grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Low grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a distinct histotype of ovarian cancer characterised high levels of intrinsic chemoresistance, highlighting the urgent need for new treatments. High throughput screening in clinically-informative cell-based models represents an attractive strategy for identifying candidate treatment options for prioritisation in clinical studies.

Methods: We performed a high throughput drug screen of 1610 agents across a panel of 6 LGSOC cell lines (3 RAS/RAF-mutant, 3 RAS/RAF-wildtype) to identify novel candidate therapeutic approaches.