An artificial intelligence deep learning model for identification of small bowel obstruction on plain abdominal radiographs.

Objectives: Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency which can lead to bowel necrosis, perforation and death. Plain abdominal X-rays are frequently used as a first-line test but the availability of immediate expert radiological review is variable. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of using a deep learning model for automated identification of small bowel obstruction.

Transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound in pelvic congestion.

Purpose: Pelvic congestion is diagnosed by transuterine venography, an invasive procedure requiring sedation and irradiation. Ultrasound may be an alternative but is hindered by slow flow within pelvic veins. In an attempt to counter this, we investigated the possible role of transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound.

Comparative appearances of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species: a CT study.

Our objective was to characterise the CT features of the various species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and to identify differences, if any, between Mycobacterium avium intracellulare( MAI) and other species. Fifty-five patients, who were culture positive on at least two occasions for a single NTM species, were evaluated. All patients had CT scans performed within 6 months of NTM identification.

Thin-section CT in obstructive pulmonary disease: discriminatory value.

Purpose: To use thin-section computed tomography (CT) to distinguish between causes of obstructive pulmonary disease, to determine which distinctions give rise to diagnostic imprecision, and to identify the most useful CT features.

Materials And Methods: Thin-section CT scans of 105 patients with obstructive pulmonary disease (asthma, n = 35; centrilobular emphysema, n = 30; panlobular emphysema, n = 21; and obliterative bronchiolitis, n = 19) and 33 healthy subjects were assessed independently by two observers. The most likely diagnosis and a confidence rating were assigned.

Diagnostic imaging of lung cancer.

Carcinoma of the bronchus is the most common malignancy in the Western world. It is also the leading cause of cancer-related death accounting for 32% of all cancer deaths in males and 25% in females. In the USA it causes more deaths than cancers of the colon, breast and prostate combined.

Predictive value of impaired evacuation at proctography in diagnosing anismus.

Objective: We aimed to determine the positive predictive value of impaired evacuation during evacuation proctography for the subsequent diagnosis of anismus.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-one adults with signs of impaired evacuation (defined as the inability to evacuate two thirds of a 120 mL contrast enema within 30 sec) during evacuation proctography underwent subsequent anorectal physiologic testing for anismus. A physiologic diagnosis of anismus was based on a typical clinical history of the condition combined with impaired rectal balloon expulsion or abnormal surface electromyogram.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of complex Müllerian anomalies.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of adolescent patients with complex Müllerian anomalies and its contribution towards operative management.

Design: A retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging and operative findings.

Setting: A London teaching hospital that is a tertiary referral centre for complex reproductive tract disorders.

Evacuation proctography: a prospective study of diagnostic and therapeutic effects.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of evacuation proctography.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven referring clinicians completed preevacuation proctography questionnaires for 50 patients, detailing diagnoses, confidence in these, intended management, and what they hoped to learn. After evacuation proctography, the radiology report was returned with a second questionnaire asking the diagnosis in the light of evacuation proctographic findings, their confidence, and what they had learned.

Abnormal osteocalcin binding in rheumatoid arthritis.

Studies of osteocalcin in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) showed the presence of significant amounts of osteocalcin in synovial fluid and that the values in RA synovial fluid were significantly lower than in OA synovial fluid. In addition, the osteocalcin in OA synovial fluid bound almost completely to hydroxyapatite, whereas a significant proportion of the osteocalcin in RA synovial fluid did not. These studies suggest that patients with severe RA produce low amounts of active osteocalcin and higher than expected amounts of inactive osteocalcin in the synovial fluid.