Interventions to Prevent Relapse or Recurrence of Preconception Anxiety and/or Depression in Perinatal Women: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Women with preconception anxiety and/or depression experience high rates of relapse or recurrence of the disorders in the perinatal period. This review aimed to identify perinatal interventions that were designed to prevent relapse or recurrence in women with a history of anxiety and/or depression.

Methods: The review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines.

Biophysical and Structural Features of αβT-Cell Receptor Mechanosensing: A Paradigmatic Shift in Understanding T-Cell Activation.

αβT cells protect vertebrates against many diseases, optimizing surveillance using mechanical force to distinguish between pathophysiologic cellular alterations and normal self-constituents. The multi-subunit αβT-cell receptor (TCR) operates outside of thermal equilibrium, harvesting energy via physical forces generated by T-cell motility and actin-myosin machinery. When a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC) on an antigen presenting cell is ligated, the αβTCR on the T cell leverages force to form a catch bond, prolonging bond lifetime, and enhancing antigen discrimination.

Performance Comparison of 10 State-of-the-Art Machine Learning Algorithms for Outcome Prediction Modeling of Radiation-Induced Toxicity.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of prominent machine learning algorithms in predicting normal tissue complication probability using clinical data obtained from 2 distinct disease sites and to create a software tool that facilitates the automatic determination of the optimal algorithm to model any given labeled data set.

Methods And Materials: We obtained 3 sets of radiation toxicity data (478 patients) from our clinic: gastrointestinal toxicity, radiation pneumonitis, and radiation esophagitis. These data comprised clinicopathological and dosimetric information for patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Australian general practice registrars' billing patterns: a cross-sectional analysis from the Registrars Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study.

Background: In Australia, a government insurance scheme (Medicare) pays set rebates for a range of distinct general practitioner (GP) services. GPs may 'bulk-bill' and accept the Medicare rebate fee directly, or 'privately-bill' by charging the patient a higher fee that is partially reimbursed by Medicare. The billing behaviour of Australian GP registrars (trainees) and their decision to bulk- or privately-bill patients is an evidence gap.

Temporal trends in the prevalence of GP registrars' long-term paediatric asthma control medications prescription.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses affecting children. Long-term asthma control medications (LTACMs) are an important aspect of asthma management, with under-prescription associated with poor asthma control and increased asthma deaths. This study aimed to document temporal trends in the prescribing of LTACMs for paediatric patients for asthma-related presentations to Australian general practice registrars (trainees).

Twelve-Month Clinical Trial Results of a Novel, Dorsal Horn Dendrite Stimulation Waveform for Chronic Neuropathic Low Back Pain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel subperception spinal cord stimulation (SCS) waveform paradigm designed to target the dorsal horn dendrites for treating chronic neuropathic low back pain (LBP). The final 12-month results are reported here.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven participants were implanted with a commercial SCS system.

Evaluating pre-consult patient education videos for patients with newly-diagnosed anal squamous cell carcinoma: Impact on patient comprehension, satisfaction and distress.

We hypothesized that pre-consult patient education videos can improve patient understanding about their diagnosis, lead to high satisfaction and low distress. In this pilot study, we developed a patient education video curriculum for patients with newly-diagnosed anal cancer. Comprehension of key content was evaluated by comparing pre- and post-test scores.

The prognostic impact of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer: More than just N1c.

Background: The identification of tumor deposits (TD) currently plays a limited role in staging for colorectal cancer (CRC) aside from N1c lymph node designation. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic impact, beyond American Joint Committee on Cancer N1c designation, of TDs among patients with primary CRC.

Methods: Patients who had resected stage I-III primary CRC diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were identified from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

General practice registrars' practice in outer metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional comparison with rural and inner metropolitan areas.

Background General practice training in outer metropolitan (OM) areas contributes to patients' access to care. Differences in clinical practice and training in rural versus urban areas have been established, but less is known about OM versus inner metropolitan (IM) differences - whether they offer a trainee learning experience of populations with distinct demographics and healthcare characteristics. This study sought to identify the characteristics and associations of general practice training in New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory OM areas, compared to IM and rural areas.

Factors associated with early-career GPs' retention as independent specialists in former training practices.

Introduction: Retention of general practice registrars in their training practices is important for addressing the GP workforce deficit and maldistribution of GPs. Given that rural and remote general practices are disproportionately affected by low retention, identifying the factors that promote retention may be as important as developing recruitment strategies in these areas. Quantifying the impact of relevant factors on registrar retention will enable a better understanding of how to incentivise retention and attenuate the loss of the rural workforce to other areas.

Effectiveness of NSW health get healthy telephone coaching in adults screened from general practices.

Background: The effectiveness of the NSW Health "Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service(Get Healthy) to facilitate weight loss on a population scale has been documented, but this was based on self-reported measures. Our study aims to test the effectiveness of the Get Healthy Service on objectively measured weight, BMI, waist circumference, and changes in other health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity and alcohol intake.

Methods: Men and women aged 40-70 years (n = 154) with pre-diabetes (5.

A qualitative evaluation of a fentanyl patch safer supply program in Vancouver, Canada.

Background: The ongoing overdose crisis in Canada has prompted efforts to increase access to a "safer supply" of prescribed alternatives to the unregulated drug supply. While safer supply programs predominantly distribute hydromorphone tablets, the Safer Alternatives for Emergency Response (SAFER) program in Vancouver, Canada offers a range of prescribed alternatives, including fentanyl patches. However, little is known about the effectiveness of fentanyl patches as safer supply.

Parsing digital or analog TCR performance through piconewton forces.

αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) principally recognize aberrant peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCs) on unhealthy cells, amplifying specificity and sensitivity through physical load placed on the TCR-pMHC bond during immunosurveillance. To understand this mechanobiology, TCRs stimulated by abundantly and sparsely arrayed epitopes (NP/D and PA/D, respectively) following in vivo influenza A virus infection were studied with optical tweezers. While certain NP repertoire CD8 T lymphocytes require many ligands for activation, others are digital, needing just few.

Machine learning-enabled colorimetric sensors for foodborne pathogen detection.

In the past decade, there have been various advancements to colorimetric sensors to improve their potential applications in food and agriculture. One application of growing interest is sensing foodborne pathogens. There are unique considerations for sensing in the food industry, including food sample destruction, specificity amidst a complex food matrix, and high sensitivity requirements.

Addition of Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Systemic Therapy for Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (EXTEND): A Multicenter, Randomized Phase II Trial.

Purpose: The EXTEND trial tested the hypothesis that adding comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) to chemotherapy would improve progression-free survival (PFS) over chemotherapy alone among patients with oligometastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: EXTEND (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03599765) is a multicenter, phase II basket trial randomly assigning patients with ≤five metastases 1:1 to MDT plus systemic therapy versus systemic therapy.

A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Study of Gene-Sleep Duration Interactions for Blood Pressure in 811,405 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discover 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to 23 genes.

Escalated-dose radiotherapy for unresected locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Patterns of care and survival in the United States.

Introduction: With locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), uncontrolled local tumor growth frequently leads to mortality. Advancements in radiotherapy (RT) techniques have enabled conformal delivery of escalated-dose RT (EDR), which may have potential local control and overall survival (OS) benefits based on retrospective and early prospective studies. With evidence for EDR emerging, we characterized the adoption of EDR across the United States and its associated outcomes.

Effect of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F)-based asthma management during pregnancy versus usual care on infant development, temperament, sensory function and autism signs.

Unlabelled: Asthma during pregnancy is associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes. It is also linked to increased rates of neurodevelopmental conditions in the offspring. We aimed to assess whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F)-based asthma management during pregnancy improves child developmental and behavioural outcomes compared to usual care.

Perioperative and oncological outcomes following robotic en bloc multivisceral resection for colorectal cancer.

Aim: As multidisciplinary treatment strategies for colorectal cancer have improved, aggressive surgical resection has become commonplace. Multivisceral and extended resections offer curative-intent resection with significant survival benefit. However, limited data exist regarding the feasibility and oncological efficacy of performing extended resection via a minimally invasive approach.