Formative Research to Inform College Health Communication Campaigns About COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors.

This research aimed to inform the development of a health communication campaign to increase the uptake of COVID-19 prevention behaviors among university students. Twenty-eight students attending a mid-sized public university in the southeastern United States and 84 parents or guardians of university students were recruited. The study included an online survey assessing COVID-19 prevention behaviors, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and semi-structured interviews to elicit beliefs on COVID-19 prevention behaviors.

Development and Pretesting of Prescription Opioid Misuse Prevention Messages: Results and Implications for Practice.

Well-designed health communication campaigns can contribute to the uptake of preventive behaviors, but there has been a lack of attention on using communication research to develop opioid misuse prevention messages. We report the results of two studies designed to inform the development of prescription opioid misuse prevention messages for adults ages 30-59. In Study 1, 16 adults across 4 counties participated in semi-structured interviews to provide input on message concepts addressing six key prescription opioid misuse prevention behaviors.

Increasing Uptake of Prescription Drug Take-Back Boxes: Eliciting Preferences and Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Use.

This study assesses adults' perceptions of and predictors of intention to use prescription drug take-back boxes. This mixed methods study utilized focus groups and an online survey to examine factors related to intention to use a prescription drug take-back box. This study was conducted in [State] during the spring and summer of 2018.

Do They Really Work? Quantifying Fabric Mask Effectiveness to Improve Public Health Messaging.

The purpose of this study is to compare masks (non-medical/fabric, surgical, and N95 respirators) on filtration efficiency, differential pressure, and leakage with the goal of providing evidence to improve public health messaging. Masks were tested on an anthropometric face filtration mount, comparing both sealed and unsealed. Overall, surgical and N95 respirators provided significantly higher filtration efficiency (FE) and differential pressure (dP).

Measuring veterinary client preferences for autonomy and information when making medical decisions for their pets.

Objective: To adapt the 3 scales of the Autonomy Preference Index to veterinary medicine and validate the 3 new scales to measure pet owner preferences for autonomy and information when making medical decisions for their pets.

Sample: 10 small-animal veterinarians and 10 small-animal clients at a veterinary school-based community practice (pilot study) and 311 small-animal clients of the practice (validation study), of which 47 participated in a follow-up survey.

Procedures: Wording of items in the Autonomy Preference Index was adapted, and instrument wording was finalized on the basis of feedback obtained in the pilot study to create 3 scales: the Veterinary General Decision-Making Preferences Scale (VGDMPS), Veterinary Clinical Decision-Making Preferences Scale (VCDMPS), and Veterinary Information-Seeking Preferences Scale (VISPS).

Rural adults' perceived role of family members in prescription opioid misuse prevention: Implications for family-based approaches.

Purpose: This study explored and documented rural adults' perceptions of family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention and the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence family members from taking those roles.

Methods: Nine focus groups with rural adults (n = 55) were conducted to evoke discussion about family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention. Transcripts were coded based on common ideas that arose during the focus groups, previous literature, and the PRECEDE-PROCEED program planning model.

Goals of Care Discussions and Moral Distress Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Staff.

Context: The relationship between quality of Goals of Care (GOC) conversations and moral distress among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) providers is not known.

Objectives: We sought 1) to explore levels of moral distress in providers, 2) to evaluate how staff moral distress changes in relation to GOC discussions, and 3) to identify elements of GOC discussions associated with change in moral distress. We hypothesized that staff moral distress would change after GOC discussions and that change would vary with presence of key discussion elements.

A Mixed Methods Analysis of Parental Perspectives on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates With Cerebral Palsy.

This study aimed to evaluate how parents of former neonatal intensive care unit patients with cerebral palsy perceive prognostic discussions following neuroimaging. Parent members of a cerebral palsy support network described memories of prognostic discussions after neuroimaging in the neonatal intensive care unit. We analyzed responses using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, manual content analysis, and thematic analysis.

The Impact of a Risk-Based Breast Cancer Screening Decision Aid on Initiation of Mammography Among Younger Women: Report of a Randomized Trial.

Guidelines recommend that initiation of breast cancer screening (BCS) among women aged 40 to 49 years include a shared decision-making process. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a breast cancer screening patient decision-aid (BCS-PtDA) on the strength of the relationship between individual risk and the decision to initiate BCS, knowledge, and decisional conflict. We conducted a randomized clinical trial of a BCS-PtDA that included individual risk estimates compared with usual care.

Explaining the effects of a decision intervention on mammography intentions: The roles of worry, fear and perceived susceptibility to breast cancer.

Objective: This study examines the effects of a mammography decision intervention on perceived susceptibility to breast cancer (PSBC) and emotion and investigates how these outcomes predict mammography intentions.

Design: Randomised between-subjects online experiment. Participants were stratified into two levels of risk.

Estimating Acceptability of Financial Health Incentives.

A growing body of evidence suggests that financial incentives can influence health behavior change, but research on the public acceptability of these programs and factors that predict public support have been limited. A representative sample of U.S.

Effects of a risk-based online mammography intervention on accuracy of perceived risk and mammography intentions.

Objective: This experiment tested the effects of an individualized risk-based online mammography decision intervention. The intervention employs exemplification theory and the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion to improve the match between breast cancer risk and mammography intentions.

Methods: 2918 women ages 35-49 were stratified into two levels of 10-year breast cancer risk (<1.

Assessing the Consequences of Implementing Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs for Tobacco-Related Health Disparities.

Introduction: Population-level communication interventions, such as graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs, have the potential to reduce or exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities depending on their effectiveness among disadvantaged sub-populations. This study evaluated the likely impact of nine GWLs proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration on (1) African American and (2) Hispanic smokers, who disproportionately bear the burden of tobacco-related illness, and (3) low education smokers, who have higher smoking rates.

Methods: Data were collected online from current smokers randomly assigned to see GWLs (treatment) or the current text-only warning labels (control).

Efficiently and Effectively Evaluating Public Service Announcements: Additional Evidence for the Utility of Perceived Effectiveness.

Recent research has made significant progress identifying measures of the perceived effectiveness (PE) of persuasive messages and providing evidence of a causal link from PE to actual effectiveness (AE). This article provides additional evidence of the utility of PE through unique analysis and consideration of another dimension of PE important to understanding the PE-AE association. Current smokers (N =1,139) watched four randomly selected anti-smoking Public Service Announcements (PSAs).