Corticostriatal maldevelopment in the R6/2 mouse model of juvenile Huntington's disease.

There is a growing consensus that brain development in Huntington's disease (HD) is abnormal, leading to the idea that HD is not only a neurodegenerative but also a neurodevelopmental disorder. Indeed, structural and functional abnormalities have been observed during brain development in both humans and animal models of HD. However, a concurrent study of cortical and striatal development in a genetic model of HD is still lacking.

Automation of multiplex biochemical assays to enhance productivity and reduce cycle time using a modular robotic platform.

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are increasingly being challenged to shorten the cycle time between design, make, test, and analyze (DMTA) compounds. Automation of multiplex assays to obtain multiparameter data on the same robotic run is instrumental in reducing cycle time. Consequently, an increasing need in automated systems to streamline laboratory workflows with the goal to expedite assay cycle time and enhance productivity has grown in industrial and academic institutions in the past decades.

Corticostriatal Maldevelopment in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Juvenile Huntington's Disease.

There is a growing consensus that brain development in Huntington's disease (HD) is abnormal, leading to the idea that HD is not only a neurodegenerative but also a neurodevelopmental disorder. Indeed, structural and functional abnormalities have been observed during brain development in both humans and animal models of HD. However, a concurrent study of cortical and striatal development in a genetic model of HD is still lacking.

History of Midwifery at Tuskegee: Vanguards of Midwifery Education.

Tuskegee, in Macon County, Alabama, has played an important role in Alabama's midwifery legacy and was home to 2 different midwifery education programs from the 1920s through the 1940s. In response to a 1918 state law requiring midwives to pass an examination to receive a practice permit in their county, stakeholders developed a four-week course for Black Alabamian midwives on the grounds of Tuskegee Institute at the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital.

Identification of Selective Imidazopyridine CSF1R Inhibitors.

Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R or c-FMS), a class III receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), plays a key role in the proper functioning of macrophages, microglia, and related cells. Aberrant signaling through CSF1R has been associated with a variety of disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this Letter, we detail our efforts to develop novel CSF1R inhibitors.

Rare genetic variation in fibronectin 1 (FN1) protects against APOEε4 in Alzheimer's disease.

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) significantly increases in individuals carrying the APOEε4 allele. Elderly cognitively healthy individuals with APOEε4 also exist, suggesting the presence of cellular mechanisms that counteract the pathological effects of APOEε4; however, these mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that APOEε4 carriers without dementia might carry genetic variations that could protect them from developing APOEε4-mediated AD pathology.

A Semiautonomous Deep Learning System to Reduce False Positives in Screening Mammography.

Purpose To evaluate the ability of a semiautonomous artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify screening mammograms not suspicious for breast cancer and reduce the number of false-positive examinations. Materials and Methods The deep learning algorithm was trained using 123 248 two-dimensional digital mammograms (6161 cancers) and a retrospective study was performed on three nonoverlapping datasets of 14 831 screening mammography examinations (1026 cancers) from two U.S.

Rare genetic variation in Fibronectin 1 ( ) protects against in Alzheimer's disease.

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) significantly increases in individuals carrying the allele. Elderly cognitively healthy individuals with also exist, suggesting the presence of cellular mechanisms that counteract the pathological effects of ; however, these mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that carriers without dementia might carry genetic variations that could protect them from developing mediated AD pathology.

Live imaging of Fibronectin 1a-mNeonGreen and Fibronectin 1b-mCherry knock-in alleles during early zebrafish development.

Within the developing embryo, cells assemble and remodel their surrounding extracellular matrix during morphogenesis. Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein and is a ligand for several members of the Integrin adhesion receptor family. Here, we compare the expression pattern and loss of function phenotypes of the two zebrafish fibronectin paralogs fn1a and fn1b.

Implementation of a hotline ("S-T-I-C-K") to expedite management of occupational bloodborne pathogen exposures at an academic medical center: A Process Improvement Initiative.

Previously, blood and body fluid exposures were managed by a visit to the University Employee Health Clinic during normal business hours and the Emergency Department after hours. We implemented the "S-T-I-C-K" program where health care personnel were evaluated immediately after exposure by a nurse-driven 24/7 hotline. Increasing accessibility to care and a simplified process for exposure management led to a significant decrease in Emergency Department utilization and time between the exposure and receipt of post-exposure prophylaxis.

Transplanted human neural stem cells rescue phenotypes in zQ175 Huntington's disease mice and innervate the striatum.

Huntington's disease (HD), a genetic neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affects the striatum and cortex with progressive loss of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and pyramidal neurons, disrupting cortico-striatal circuitry. A promising regenerative therapeutic strategy of transplanting human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is challenged by the need for long-term functional integration. We previously described that, with short-term hNSC transplantation into the striatum of HD R6/2 mice, human cells differentiated into electrophysiologically active immature neurons, improving behavior and biochemical deficits.

Highly specific and non-invasive imaging of Piezo1-dependent activity across scales using GenEPi.

Mechanosensing is a ubiquitous process to translate external mechanical stimuli into biological responses. Piezo1 ion channels are directly gated by mechanical forces and play an essential role in cellular mechanotransduction. However, readouts of Piezo1 activity are mainly examined by invasive or indirect techniques, such as electrophysiological analyses and cytosolic calcium imaging.

Higher emotional granularity relates to greater inferior frontal cortex cortical thickness in healthy, older adults.

Individuals with high emotional granularity make fine-grained distinctions between their emotional experiences. To have greater emotional granularity, one must acquire rich conceptual knowledge of emotions and use this knowledge in a controlled and nuanced way. In the brain, the neural correlates of emotional granularity are not well understood.

Association between job role and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare personnel, Iowa, 2021.

We describe the association between job roles and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare personnel. A wide range of hazard ratios were observed across job roles. Medical assistants had higher hazard ratios than nurses, while attending physicians, food service workers, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, residents and fellows, and temporary workers had lower hazard ratios.

Blood culture practices in patients with a central line at an academic medical center-Iowa, 2020.

We analyzed blood-culture practices to characterize the utilization of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommendations related to catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) blood cultures. Most patients with a central line had only peripheral blood cultures. Increasing the utilization of CRBSI guidelines may improve clinical care, but may also affect other quality metrics.

Dynamic autonomic nervous system states arise during emotions and manifest in basal physiology.

The outflow of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is continuous and dynamic, but its functional organization is not well understood. Whether ANS patterns accompany emotions, or arise in basal physiology, remain unsettled questions in the field. Here, we searched for brief ANS patterns amidst continuous, multichannel physiological recordings in 45 healthy older adults.

Tutorial: Using Community Engagement Studios to Enhance Pharmacogenetic Study Design for Maximizing Enrollment of Diverse Children and Pregnant People.

Most pharmacogenetic research is conducted in adult, non-pregnant populations of European ancestry. Study of more diverse and special populations is necessary to validate findings and improve health equity. However, there are significant barriers to recruitment of diverse populations for genetic studies, such as mistrust of researchers due to a history of unethical research and ongoing social inequities.