Daytime Sleepiness, Apnea, Neuroimaging Correlates and Cortisol Dysregulation in a Memory Clinic Cohort.

Background: Sleep disturbances as well as cortisol hypersecretion are increasingly acknowledged as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the association, and the interplay with cortisol abnormalities, remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aims to identify how self-reported sleep disturbances are associated with structural brain measures and diurnal cortisol dysregulation among memory clinic patients.

Neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction and diurnal cortisol biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort: Findings from the Co-STAR study.

Cortisol dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunction are biological processes that have been separately shown to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aimed to identify biomarker signatures reflecting these pathways in 108 memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, N = 40), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 39), and AD (N = 29). Participants were from the well-characterized Cortisol and Stress in Alzheimer's Disease (Co-STAR) cohort, recruited at Karolinska University Hospital.

Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study.

Introduction: Cognitive reserve might mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's dementia among memory clinic patients. No study has examined the potential modifying role of stress on this relation.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations of the cognitive reserve index (CRI; education, occupational complexity, physical and leisure activities, and social health) with cognitive performance and AD-related biomarkers among 113 memory clinic patients.

Diurnal cortisol, neuroinflammation, and neuroimaging visual rating scales in memory clinic patients.

Background: Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic process. Cortisol dysregulation may increase AD risk and is related to brain atrophy. This cross-sectional study aims to examine interactions of cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation markers in their association with neuroimaging correlates.

Life-course stress, cognition, and diurnal cortisol in memory clinic patients without dementia.

Aims: To examine associations of life-course stress with cognition and diurnal cortisol patterns in older adulthood, as well as potential mediation effects of diurnal cortisol patterns and perceived stress on the association between life-course stress and cognition.

Methods: 127 participants without dementia were selected from a cohort of Swedish memory clinic patients. Cross-sectional associations between scores on two chronic stress questionnaires (perceived stress, stressful life events (SLEs)), five cognitive domains (overall cognition, memory, working memory, processing speed, perceptual reasoning), and two measures of diurnal cortisol patterns (total daily output, diurnal cortisol slope), as well as potential mediation effects of diurnal cortisol patterns and perceived stress on associations between life-course stress and cognition, were assessed using linear regressions.

Superradiant emission in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas.

We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study gallium arsenide two-dimensional electron gas samples in external magnetic field. We measure cyclotron decay as a function of temperature from 0.4 to10Kand a quantum confinement dependence of the cyclotron decay time belowT0=1.

Longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, allostatic load, and cognition among memory clinic patients.

Background: Allostatic load (AL) is defined as the cumulative dysregulation of neuroendocrine, immunological, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems that increases the susceptibility to stress-related health problems. Several dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, yet little is known about the role of AL and its associations with AD biomarkers (e.g.

Cortisol, cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers among memory clinic patients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between diurnal cortisol patterns, cognition and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in memory clinic patients.

Method: Memory clinic patients were recruited from Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden (n=155). Diurnal cortisol patterns were assessed using five measures: awakening levels, cortisol awakening response, bedtime levels, the ratio of awakening to bedtime levels (AM/PM ratio) and total daily output.

Screening Tool to Reduce Anticoagulant Clinic Encounters.

Objective: Patients prescribed warfarin for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation at the Fayetteville Veterans Affairs Heath Care Center are managed by a clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) in the Anticoagulation Clinic. Patients prescribed a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for the same indication are followed by a CPS within the patient aligned care team. A screening tool was developed to identify candidates who could switch from warfarin to DOAC therapy.

Antiferroelectric Phase Transition in a Proton-Transfer Salt of Squaric Acid and 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine.

A proton-transfer reaction between squaric acid (Hsq) and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3-Mepyz) results in crystallization of a new organic antiferroelectric (AFE), (2,3-MepyzH)(Hsq)·HO (), which possesses a layered structure. The structure of each layer can be described as partitioned into strips lined with methyl groups of the MepyzH cations and strips featuring extensive hydrogen bonding between the Hsq anions and water molecules. Variable-temperature dielectric measurements and crystal structures determined through a combination of single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction reveal an AFE ordering at 104 K.

Knockdown Resistance-Associated Mutations Dominate Populations of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Across the South Central United States.

Despite awareness of the mutations conferring insecticide resistance in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), within the United States few studies address the distribution and frequency of these. Within the United States, studies have focused on collections made along the East Coast and Midwest, documenting the occurrence of two mutations (V419L and L925I) within the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit gene shown to be associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids.

Design considerations for neural amplifiers.

The initial amplification stage is a critical element of a neural signal acquisition system, and the design of low-noise, low-power amplifiers has received a great deal of attention in recent publications. In this paper we discuss practical considerations for the design of amplifiers intended for neural interfaces. Noise is a major issue due to the low amplitude of neural signals.

On the impact of approximate computation in an analog DeSTIN architecture.

Deep machine learning (DML) holds the potential to revolutionize machine learning by automating rich feature extraction, which has become the primary bottleneck of human engineering in pattern recognition systems. However, the heavy computational burden renders DML systems implemented on conventional digital processors impractical for large-scale problems. The highly parallel computations required to implement large-scale deep learning systems are well suited to custom hardware.

The ubiquitin ligase deltex-3l regulates endosomal sorting of the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4.

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) sorting into the degradative pathway is important for limiting the duration and magnitude of signaling. Agonist activation of the GPCR CXCR4 induces its rapid ubiquitination and sorting to lysosomes via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. We recently reported that ESCRT-0 ubiquitination is linked to the efficiency with which CXCR4 is sorted for lysosomal degradation; however mechanistic insight is lacking.

Design of ultra-low power biopotential amplifiers for biosignal acquisition applications.

Rapid development in miniature implantable electronics are expediting advances in neuroscience by allowing observation and control of neural activities. The first stage of an implantable biosignal recording system, a low-noise biopotential amplifier (BPA), is critical to the overall power and noise performance of the system. In order to integrate a large number of front-end amplifiers in multichannel implantable systems, the power consumption of each amplifier must be minimized.

Evaluation of the redesigned conformable GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis for traumatic aortic transection.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the conformable GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis (CTAG) device (W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) for the endovascular repair of traumatic aortic transections.

Current status of endovascular aneurysm repair: 20 years of learning.

Parodi first introduced endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in 1991 and since that time it has been shown to have a lower 30-day morbididty and mortality compared to open surgery. Anatomic constraints governed by the need for adequate access vessels, and sufficient proximal and distal landing zones, as well as the need for long-term surveillance, have been the main limitations of this technology. Anatomic factors were initially estimated to exclude 40% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

The impact of a 'resident replacement' nurse practitioner on an Academic Pediatric Neurosurgical service.

Introduction: The introduction of 80-hour workweek limitations has challenged resident training programs with creative scheduling while maintaining comprehensive training experiences. The work hour restrictions may be more adaptable to a medical service, but have been very challenging to an academic surgical program. The particular challenges include maximizing academic learning opportunities, operating room experiences and direct bedside patient care while adhering to the 80-hour restriction.

Circuit techniques for wireless brain interfaces.

Efficient, miniaturized wireless recording is critical for both existing and emerging health-monitoring applications. One important example of this is in the brain interface community, where new technologies allow improved observation and understanding of brain functions. This, in turn, drives the need for ever smaller, lower power, and higher performance circuitry for chronic recording.

NeuralWISP: A Wirelessly Powered Neural Interface With 1-m Range.

We present the NeuralWISP, a wireless neural interface operating from far-field radio-frequency RF energy. The NeuralWISP is compatible with commercial RF identification readers and operates at a range up to 1 m. It includes a custom low-noise, low-power amplifier integrated circuit for processing the neural signal and an analog spike detection circuit for reducing digital computational requirements and communications bandwidth.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of bupropion analogues as potential pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction.

A series of bupropion (1a) analogues (1b-1ff) were synthesized, and their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties evaluated with the goal of developing a 1a analogue that had better properties for treating addictions. Their in vitro pharmacological properties were examined by [(3)H]dopamine ([(3)H]DA), [(3)H]serotonin ([(3)H]5HT), and [(3)H]norepinephrine ([(3)H]NE) uptake inhibition studies, and by binding studies at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters using [(125)I]RTI-55 in cloned transporters. Several analogues showed increased [(3)H]DA uptake inhibition with reduced or little change in [(3)H]5HT and [(3)H]NE uptake inhibition relative to bupropion.

Spontaneous splanchnic dissection: application and timing of therapeutic options.

Background: Spontaneous splanchnic dissection (SSD) occurs infrequently and has a poorly defined natural history. Few studies address the application, timing, and consequences of therapeutic options. Our goal was to apply conservative (non-operative) management in the care of each patient, reserving interventions for specific indications that may be predictive of adverse outcomes.

Use of a percutaneous septal occlusion device to exclude a juxta-renal pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta.

Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon, but challenging condition. The most common etiologies are either trauma or iatrogenic repair via open surgery, endovascular aortic cuff, and exclusion via placement of coils has been described. We describe a case of a juxta-renal aortic pseudoaneurysm following aorto-bi-iliac bypass grafting that was successfully excluded by endovascular placement of a percutaneous septal occlusion device.

Endovascular exclusion of mycotic aortic aneurysm.

The presence of prohibitive risk may preclude usual surgical management. Such was the case for a critically ill, 60-year-old woman who presented with concomitant, life-threatening conditions. The patient presented with acute central cord syndrome and lower-extremity paraplegia after completing a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine.

A sub-microwatt low-noise amplifier for neural recording.

In this paper we present a pre-amplifier designed for neural recording applications. Extremely low power dissipation is achieved by operating in an open-loop configuration, restricting the circuit to a single current branch, and reusing current to improve noise performance. Our amplifier exhibits 3.