Elective operations delay and emergency department visits and inpatient admissions during COVID-19.

Introduction: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitals postponed elective operations for a 12-week period in early 2020. During this time, there was concern that the delay would lead to worse health outcomes. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of delaying operations during this period on ED (Emergency Department) visits and/or urgent IP (Inpatient) admissions.

Determining the Effect of Drying Time on Phosphorus Solubilization from Three Agricultural Soils under Climate Change Scenarios.

Climate projections for the future indicate that the United Kingdom will experience hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters, bringing longer dry periods followed by rewetting. This will result in changes in phosphorus (P) mobilization patterns that will influence the transfer of P from land to water. We tested the hypothesis that changes in the future patterns of drying-rewetting will affect the amount of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) solubilized from soil.

Major agricultural changes required to mitigate phosphorus losses under climate change.

Phosphorus losses from land to water will be impacted by climate change and land management for food production, with detrimental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here we use a unique combination of methods to evaluate the impact of projected climate change on future phosphorus transfers, and to assess what scale of agricultural change would be needed to mitigate these transfers. We combine novel high-frequency phosphorus flux data from three representative catchments across the UK, a new high-spatial resolution climate model, uncertainty estimates from an ensemble of future climate simulations, two phosphorus transfer models of contrasting complexity and a simplified representation of the potential intensification of agriculture based on expert elicitation from land managers.

Lattice Boltzmann method for the fractional advection-diffusion equation.

Mass transport, such as movement of phosphorus in soils and solutes in rivers, is a natural phenomenon and its study plays an important role in science and engineering. It is found that there are numerous practical diffusion phenomena that do not obey the classical advection-diffusion equation (ADE). Such diffusion is called abnormal or superdiffusion, and it is well described using a fractional advection-diffusion equation (FADE).

Changing climate and nutrient transfers: Evidence from high temporal resolution concentration-flow dynamics in headwater catchments.

We hypothesise that climate change, together with intensive agricultural systems, will increase the transfer of pollutants from land to water and impact on stream health. This study builds, for the first time, an integrated assessment of nutrient transfers, bringing together a) high-frequency data from the outlets of two surface water-dominated, headwater (~10km(2)) agricultural catchments, b) event-by-event analysis of nutrient transfers, c) concentration duration curves for comparison with EU Water Framework Directive water quality targets, d) event analysis of location-specific, sub-daily rainfall projections (UKCP, 2009), and e) a linear model relating storm rainfall to phosphorus load. These components, in combination, bring innovation and new insight into the estimation of future phosphorus transfers, which was not available from individual components.

The extents of formation of cobalt(II)-radical intermediates in the reactions with different substrates catalysed by the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme ethanolamine ammonia-lyase.

1. The reactions of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme, ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, with the 'good' and 'relatively poor' substrates 2-aminoethanol and (S)-2-aminopropanol respectively, under conditions of saturation with substrate were investigated by rapid freezing in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.

Chloroacetone as an active-site-directed inhibitor of the aliphatic amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1. Chloroacetone (I) was shown to be an active-site-directed inhibitor of the aliphatic amidase (EC 3.5.

The number of functional active sites per molecule of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme, ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, as determined by a kinetic method.

1. A kinetic approach to the determination of the number of functional active sites per molecule of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme, ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, is described. 2.

The subunit structure of rabbit skeletal-muscle phosphofructokinase and the amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptide containing the highly reactive thiol group.

1. The single highly reactive (class I) thiol group per 80000-mol.wt.

The reduction by dithionite of Fe(III) myoglobin derivatives with different ligands attached to the iron atom. A study by rapid-wavelength-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

1. The reductions of a number of sperm whale Fe(III) myoglobin-ligand complexes by sodium dithionite in a phosphate buffer pH 6.4, were investigated by using rapid-wavelength-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

An investigation of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-induced 'tightening' of the structure of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

An investigation was made of the effect of NAD+ analogues on subunit interactions in yeast and rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases by using the subunit exchange (hybridization) method described previously [e.g. see Osborne & Hollaway (1975) Biochem.

The investigation of substrate-induced changes in subunit interactions in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases by measurement of the kinetics and thermodynamics of subunit exchange.

An investigation was made of changes in subunit interactions in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase on binding NAD+, NADH and other substrates by using the previously developed method of measurement of rates and extent of subunit exchange between the rabbit enzyme (R4), yeast enzyme (Y4) and rabbit-yeast hybrid (R2Y2) [Osborne & Hollaway (1974) Biochem. J. 143, 651-662].

The hybridization of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases from rabbit muscle and yeast. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction and isolation of the hybrid.

A kinetic and thermodynamic study was made of the formation of the hybrid (R(2)Y(2)) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the yeast (Y(4)) and rabbit (R(4)) enzymes. The values of the thermodynamic parameters for the equilibrium between R(4), Y(4) and R(2)Y(2) suggest that the R(2)-R(2) and Y(2)-Y(2) interactions are similar. However, the failure to observe the RY(3) and R(3)Y hybrids is interpreted in terms of differences at the interfaces of the R-R and Y-Y interactions (the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase molecule being regarded as a dimer of dimers).