Population assessment of tropical tuna based on their associative behavior around floating objects.

Estimating the abundance of pelagic fish species is a challenging task, due to their vast and remote habitat. Despite the development of satellite, archival and acoustic tagging techniques that allow the tracking of marine animals in their natural environments, these technologies have so far been underutilized in developing abundance estimations. We developed a new method for estimating the abundance of tropical tuna that employs these technologies and exploits the aggregative behavior of tuna around floating objects (FADs).

Acute postoperative seizures as predictors of seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was performed to determine if acute postoperative seizures (APOS) predict epilepsy surgery outcomes. Additionally, we estimated pooled prevalence for APOS and explored if certain APOS characteristics predict surgical outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for studies reporting seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery in patients with and without APOS.

- Immune Cell Activator, Suppressor, or Stealthy Evader: The Evolving View from the Petri Dish.

One of the hallmarks of pulmonary tularemia, which results from inhalation of - a significant bioterrorism concern, is the lack of an acute T1-biased inflammatory response in the early phase of disease (days 1-3) despite significant bacterial loads. In an effort to understand this apparent hypo-responsiveness, many laboratories have utilized cell-based models as tools to probe the nature and consequences of host cell interactions with . The first uses of this model suggested that mammalian host cells recognize this bacterium principally through TLR2 to evoke a robust, classical T1-biased cytokine response including TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ.

Progressive Mobility Protocol Reduces Venous Thromboembolism Rate in Trauma Intensive Care Patients: A Quality Improvement Project.

The intensive care unit (ICU) trauma population is at high risk for complications associated with immobility. The purpose of this project was to compare ICU trauma patient outcomes before and after implementation of a structured progressive mobility (PM) protocol. Outcomes included hospital and ICU stays, ventilator days, falls, respiratory failure, pneumonia, or venous thromboembolism (VTE).

See Something, Do Something: Predicting Sexual Assault Bystander Intentions in the U.S. Military.

Sexual assault is a pervasive problem in the U.S. military, especially against women.

Topical Timolol Maleate Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas.

Background: There has been a dramatic increase in the off-label use of ophthalmic timolol maleate, a β-blocker used for infantile hemangioma (IH) treatment as a topical counterpart to oral propranolol. Its safety and efficacy in a pediatric population with IH have not been evaluated in a large cohort. Our goal was to retrospectively assess timolol's effectiveness, discern characteristics associated with response, and document reported adverse events.

A Qualitative Study of Male Veterans' Violence Perpetration and Treatment Preferences.

Prevention and treatment of intimate partner violence (IPV) has increasingly focused on engaging men; however, very little work has examined how men manage the negative emotions associated with relationship conflict, as well as their preferences for and perceived barriers to treatment. Given the overrepresentation of IPV among men with post-traumatic stress disorder, the perspectives of male veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder are critical to informing IPV prevention and treatment within the Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare system. This qualitative study involved interviews with 25 male veterans who reported recent IPV perpetration.

Clinical factors predict surgical outcomes in pediatric MRI-negative drug-resistant epilepsy.

Purpose: Lack of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a poor prognostic marker for epilepsy surgery. We present a single-center series of childhood-onset MRI-negative drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and analyze surgical outcomes and predictors.

Methods: Children with MRI-negative DRE who had resective surgery from January 2007 to December 2013 were identified using an institutional database.

Spiritual Intimacy, Marital Intimacy, and Physical/Psychological Well-Being: Spiritual Meaning as a Mediator.

Objective: Intimacy is an essential part of marital relationships, spiritual relationships, and is also a factor in well-being, but there is little research simultaneously examining the links among spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, and well-being.

Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations among the latent variables-spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, spiritual meaning, and well-being-in a cross-sectional study of 5,720 married adults aged 29-100 years ( = 58.88, = 12.

Consistency of breast density categories in serial screening mammograms: A comparison between automated and human assessment.

Reliable breast density measurement is needed to personalize screening by using density as a risk factor and offering supplemental screening to women with dense breasts. We investigated the categorization of pairs of subsequent screening mammograms into density classes by human readers and by an automated system. With software (VDG) and by four readers, including three specialized breast radiologists, 1000 mammograms belonging to 500 pairs of subsequent screening exams were categorized into either two or four density classes.

Achieving the tobacco endgame: evidence on the hardening hypothesis from repeated cross-sectional studies in New Zealand 2008-2014.

Introduction: The hardening hypothesis proposes that as smoking prevalence declines the proportion of 'hardcore' or 'hardened' smokers will increase. The possible constructs of hardening include reduced motivation to quit, increased levels of addiction, increased levels of disadvantage and reduced quit rates among continuing smokers. Most previous studies have investigated only a single facet of the hypothesis.

Does the addition of saline infusion sonohysterography to transvaginal ultrasonography prevent unnecessary hysteroscopy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding?

This observational case series in 65 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding evaluated whether transvaginal ultrasound followed by saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) prevented unnecessary hysteroscopy. Although SIS indicated that hysteroscopy was unnecessary in eight women, this benefit was offset by the invasive nature of the scan, the number of endometrial abnormalities falsely detected by SIS and the cost of the additional investigation.

Adverse Events in Young and Preterm Infants Receiving Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangioma.

Background: The success of oral propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) has led practitioners to use topical β-blockers. In preterm infants, clinicians frequently turn to topical timolol, with the presumption that topical application will result in less systemic absorption. We used Holter monitoring to assess for drug-induced bradycardia in high-risk infants.

A probabilistic approach for lateralization of seizure onset zone in drug-resistant epilepsy with bilateral cerebral pathology.

Background: Lateralization of seizure-onset zone (SOZ) during electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in people with bilateral potentially epileptogenic lesions is important to facilitate clinical decision making for resective surgery.

Methods: We develop two Bayesian approaches for estimating the number of consecutive ipsilateral seizures required to lateralize the SOZ to a given lower limit of 95% credible interval (LLI, assuming continuous prior distribution), or to a given posterior probability (assuming mixture of discrete and continuous prior probabilities).

Results: With estimation approach, if both the cerebral hemispheres are a priori equi-probable to contain SOZ, then using Jeffrey's prior, a minimum of 9, 18, and 38 consecutive ipsilateral seizures will yield an LLI of 0.

The role of nurses and dietitians in managing paediatric coeliac disease.

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated genetic condition elicited by the ingestion of gluten, leading to proximal small bowel enteropathy. It affects around 1% of the population, although only a small proportion of cases are actually diagnosed. It is a multisystem disorder presenting with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, iron deficiency anaemia, faltering growth, dental enamel defects, short stature, liver disease, arthropathy and recurrent aphthous ulcers.

Extramedullary acute myelogenous leukemia.

Extramedullary leukemia (EM AML), also known as myeloid sarcoma, is a rare manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia and often accompanies bone marrow involvement. EM AML is diagnosed based on H&E stains with ancillary studies including flow cytometry and cytogenetics. Isolated EM AML is often misdiagnosed as large cell lymphoma or other lymphoproliferative disorder.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Electrographic Status Epilepticus in Slow-Wave Sleep.

Background: Electrographic status epilepticus in slow sleep or continuous spike and waves during slow-wave sleep is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, neurocognitive regression, and significant activation of epileptiform discharges during nonrapid eye movement sleep. There is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria and evidence-based optimal treatment algorithm for children with electrographic status epilepticus in slow sleep.

Patient Description: We describe a 12-year-old girl with drug-resistant electrographic status epilepticus in slow wave sleep that was successfully treated with vagus nerve stimulation.

Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology.

It is a golden age for animal movement studies and so an opportune time to assess priorities for future work. We assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish. Research on these taxa has both underpinned many of the recent technical developments and led to fundamental discoveries in the field.

Should spikes on post-resection ECoG guide pediatric epilepsy surgery?

Purpose: There is wide variation in clinical practice regarding the role of electrocorticography immediately after resection (post-resection ECoG) for pediatric epilepsy surgery. Results can guide further resection of potentially epileptogenic tissue. We hypothesized that post-resection ECoG spiking represents a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone and predicts seizure outcome in children undergoing epilepsy surgery.

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Early and Late Enzymes in the Lignin β-Aryl Ether Cleavage Pathway from Sphingobium sp. SYK-6.

There has been great progress in the development of technology for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars and subsequent fermentation to fuels. However, plant lignin remains an untapped source of materials for production of fuels or high value chemicals. Biological cleavage of lignin has been well characterized in fungi, in which enzymes that create free radical intermediates are used to degrade this material.

Preresection intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) abnormalities predict seizure-onset zone and outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery.

Objective: The predictive value of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) in pediatric epilepsy surgery is unknown. In a population of children undergoing ECoG followed typically by invasive extraoperative monitoring (IEM) and resection, we aimed to determine the relationship between frequent ECoG abnormalities and the seizure onset zone and outcome after resection.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 103 children with preresection ECoG of sufficient technical quality.

Unsupervised Deep Learning Applied to Breast Density Segmentation and Mammographic Risk Scoring.

Mammographic risk scoring has commonly been automated by extracting a set of handcrafted features from mammograms, and relating the responses directly or indirectly to breast cancer risk. We present a method that learns a feature hierarchy from unlabeled data. When the learned features are used as the input to a simple classifier, two different tasks can be addressed: i) breast density segmentation, and ii) scoring of mammographic texture.