Time-domain signal modelling in multidimensional NMR experiments for estimation of relaxation parameters.

We present a model-based method for estimation of relaxation parameters from time-domain NMR data specifically suitable for processing data in popular 2D phase-sensitive experiments. Our model is formulated in terms of commutative bicomplex algebra, which allows us to use the complete information available in an NMR signal acquired with principles of quadrature detection without disregarding any of its dimensions. Compared to the traditional intensity-analysis method, our model-based approach offers an important advantage for the analysis of overlapping peaks and is robust over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.

Protocol for the Gut Bugs Trial: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of gut microbiome transfer for the treatment of obesity in adolescents.

Introduction: Animal studies showed that germ-free mice inoculated with normal mouse gut bacteria developed obesity, insulin resistance and higher triglyceride levels, despite similar food intake. In humans, an association has been found between obesity and gut microbiome dysbiosis. However, gut microbiome transfer has not been evaluated for the treatment of human obesity.

Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Large and Small Native Joint Septic Arthritis in Adults.

Background: Native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) is poorly studied. We describe the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of large joint NJSA (LNJSA) and small joint NJSA (SNJSA) in adults at Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Methods: This was a coding-based retrospective study of patients ≥16 years old admitted between 2009 and 2014.

Toffee Men, Travelling Drapers and Black-Market Perfumers-South Asian Networks of Petty Trade in Early Twentieth Century Britain.

Selling small wares, novelties, and affordable luxuries manufactured from artificial silk, the South Asian door-to-door pedlar or 'travelling draper', and his compatriot the 'Indian toffee man', were once fairly commonplace figures in British working-class life and the object of fond childhood recollections for many. Unfortunately, they have now largely drifted from popular memory, having left little trace in the historical record. However, this article's reconstruction of their lives offers a new perspective on the pivotal role inter-racial social networks played in pioneering South Asian immigration, settlement, and trade in Britain.

A Pyrus communis gene for p-hydroxystyrene biosynthesis, has a role in defense against the pear psylla Cacopsylla biden.

Styrene analogs are known to be naturally synthesized in the leaves of pears and in other plant species, including several trees in the Styracaceae family. Styrene analogs are potential contributors to the aroma of wine, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and other fermented foods and beverages. In addition, styrene analogs perform important ecological functions such as insecticidal and antifeedant activities against insects.

Response to Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculosis in Homeless Shelters, Georgia, USA, 2015-2017.

In 2008, an outbreak of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis was identified among residents of homeless shelters in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. When initial control efforts involving standard targeted testing failed, a comprehensive approach that involved all providers of services for the homeless successfully interrupted the outbreak.

Implementation of a pharmacist-led penicillin allergy de-labelling service in a public hospital.

Background: Inaccurate allergy labelling results in inappropriate antimicrobial management of the patient, which may affect clinical outcome, increase the risk of adverse events and increase costs. Inappropriate use of alternative antibiotics has implications for antimicrobial stewardship programmes and microbial resistance.

Methods: All adult inpatients labelled as penicillin allergic were identified and screened for eligibility by the study pharmacist.

Valence-Shell Photoionization of CH: The 2-Butyn-1-yl Radical.

We present new high-resolution data on the photoionization of the 2-butyn-1-yl radical (CHC≡C-CH) formed by H atom abstraction from 2-butyne by F atoms. The spectra were recorded from 7.7 to 11 eV by using double-imaging, photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, which allows the unambiguous correlation of photoelectron data and the mass of the species.

Awake Mouse Imaging: From Two-Photon Microscopy to Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in awake behaving mice is well positioned to bridge the detailed cellular-level view of brain activity, which has become available owing to recent advances in microscopic optical imaging and genetics, to the macroscopic scale of human noninvasive observables. However, though microscopic (e.g.

Polygenic hazard score, amyloid deposition and Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.

Mounting evidence indicates that the polygenic basis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease can be harnessed to identify individuals at greatest risk for cognitive decline. We have previously developed and validated a polygenic hazard score comprising of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms for predicting Alzheimer's disease dementia age of onset. In this study, we examined whether polygenic hazard scores are associated with: (i) regional tracer uptake using amyloid PET; (ii) regional volume loss using longitudinal MRI; (iii) post-mortem regional amyloid-β protein and tau associated neurofibrillary tangles; and (iv) four common non-Alzheimer's pathologies.

Fostering Cross-Sector Partnerships: Lessons Learned From a Community Care Team.

Purpose/objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe lessons learned during the development and implementation of a community care team (CCT) and the applicability of this model in movement toward cross-sector team-based care coordination.

Primary Practice Setting: Primary care.

Findings/conclusions: Cross-sector CCTs composed of primary care and community service providers are a care coordination approach that attends to the individual's social determinants of health, enhances the individual's capacity to manage treatment and self-care demands of multiple chronic health conditions, improves the care experience, and impacts well-being.

Guidelines for the delivery and monitoring of high intensity interval training in clinical populations.

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is now recognized in international clinical-based exercise guidelines as an appropriate and beneficial adjunct to moderate intensity continuous training. HIIT involves alternating periods of high intensity aerobic exercise with light recovery exercise or no exercise, allowing for greater physiological stimulus and adaptation than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) for cardiorespiratory fitness and other cardiometabolic processes. However, there is no universal criteria or framework for the prescription and monitoring of HIIT in clinical populations, and safety concerns remain a common barrier for implementing HIIT as standard care.

A novel chrysovirus from a clinical isolate of Aspergillus thermomutatus affects sporulation.

A clinical isolate of Aspergillus thermomutatus (Teleomorph: Neosartorya pseudofischeri) was found to contain ~35 nm isometric virus-like particles associated with four double-stranded (ds) RNA segments, each of which coded for a single open reading frame. The longest dsRNA element (3589 nt) encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (1114 aa), the second longest dsRNA element (2772 nt) encodes a coat protein (825 aa), and the other two dsRNAs (2676 nt, 2514 nt) encode hypothetical proteins of 768 aa and 711 aa, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences showed 41-60% similarity to the proteins coded by the dsRNAs of the most closely related virus, Penicillium janczewskii chrysovirus 2, indicating that it is a new species based on the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses criteria for the genus Chrysovirus.

Diversity among Pomegranate Varieties in Chilling Tolerance and Transcriptome Responses to Cold Storage.

We found great variability in chilling tolerance among 84 pomegranate varieties from the Newe Ya'ar collection; among them, 'Ganesh' was chilling-sensitive, whereas 'Wonderful' was relatively chilling-tolerant. To evaluate the different molecular responses of these varieties to cold storage, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in the inner membrane tissues of 'Ganesh' and 'Wonderful' fruit after 2 weeks of cold storage at 1 °C. By functional categorization of the differentially expressed transcripts using MapMan, we found that many transcripts related to various pathways, such as jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, galactinol, raffinose, phenol, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, lipid metabolism, and various transcription factors and heat-shock proteins, have been massively upregulated in 'Wonderful' but not in 'Ganesh' fruit.

A field-invariant method for quantitative analysis with benchtop NMR.

Recently developed benchtop instruments have the potential of bringing the benefits of NMR spectroscopy to the wide variety of industrial applications. Unfortunately, their low spectral resolution poses significant challenges for traditional quantification approach. Here we present a novel model-based method designed to overcome these challenges.

Coulomb explosion imaging of CHI and CHClI photodissociation dynamics.

The photodissociation dynamics of CHI and CHClI at 272 nm were investigated by time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging, with an intense non-resonant 815 nm probe pulse. Fragment ion momenta over a wide / range were recorded simultaneously by coupling a velocity map imaging spectrometer with a pixel imaging mass spectrometry camera. For both molecules, delay-dependent pump-probe features were assigned to ultraviolet-induced carbon-iodine bond cleavage followed by Coulomb explosion.

Modifying the minimum criteria for diagnosing amnestic MCI to improve prediction of brain atrophy and progression to Alzheimer's disease.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition with variable outcomes. Improving diagnosis to increase the likelihood that MCI reliably reflects prodromal Alzheimer's Disease (AD) would be of great benefit for clinical practice and intervention trials. In 230 cognitively normal (CN) and 394 MCI individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we studied whether an MCI diagnostic requirement of impairment on at least two episodic memory tests improves 3-year prediction of medial temporal lobe atrophy and progression to AD.

Temporal and spatial asymmetries during stationary cycling cause different feedforward and feedback modifications in the muscular control of the lower limbs.

Motor adaptations are useful for studying the way in which the lower limbs are controlled by the brain. However, motor adaptation paradigms for the lower limbs are typically based on locomotion tasks, where the necessity of maintaining postural stability is the main driver of adaptation and could possibly mask other underlying processes. In this study we investigated whether small temporal or spatial asymmetries can trigger motor adaptations during stationary cycling, where stability is not directly compromised.

Comparison of the new and traditional CKD-EPI GFR estimation equations with urinary inulin clearance: A study of equation performance.

Background: Diagnosis, prognostication and treatment in chronic kidney disease is often informed by an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Commonly used GFR estimation (eGFR) equations are based on serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations and display suboptimal precision and accuracy. Newer equations incorporating additional endogenous markers such as β-Trace Protein (BTP), β-Microglobulin (B2M) and cystatin C (cysC) have been developed but require validation.

Use of coping strategies in multiple sclerosis: Association with demographic and disease-related characteristics.

Background: Coping positively and negatively influences psychosocial and other outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is conflicting evidence about the use of different coping strategies and their associations with demographic and disease characteristics. Our aims were to examine which coping strategies are used by a large sample of people with MS, then to identify any associations between demographic and disease related factors with use of individual coping strategies.

Methods: Participants in the Trajectories of Outcomes in Neurological Conditions (TONiC) study completed the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE60) questionnaire.

Multiphoton structured thin-plane imaging with a single optical path.

Optical sectioning has become an indispensable technique for high-speed volumetric imaging in the past decade. Here we present a novel optical-sectioning method that produces a thin plane of illumination by exploiting the spatial and temporal properties of multiphoton excitation. Critically, the illumination and detection share the same optical path, as in a conventional epi-fluorescence microscope configuration.

Photoionization of the iodine 3d, 4s, and 4p orbitals in methyl iodide.

Ionization of the I 3d, 4s, and 4p orbitals in methyl iodide (CHI) has been studied by using synchrotron radiation to measure the total ion yield and by recording photoelectron spectra with linearly polarized radiation in two polarization orientations. The complete photoelectron spectrum of CHI has been recorded at several photon energies, and bands due to the C 1s, I 3d, 4s, 4p, and 4d atomic-like orbitals, as well as the molecular orbitals, have been observed and assigned. In the vicinity of the I 3d and 3d ionization thresholds at 626.