Physics-aware learning and domain-specific loss design in ophthalmology.

The human cataract, a developing opacification of the human eye lens, currently constitutes the world's most frequent cause for blindness. As a result, cataract surgery has become the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgery in the world. By removing the human lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), the optical system of the eye is restored.

Evaluation of intraoperative aphakic eye axial length measurements using swept-source OCT.

Purpose: To evaluate intraoperative aphakic eye axial length (AL) measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Setting: Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Design: Prospective single-center study.

Feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of intrasurgical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in a pilot study.

Methods: Using a Carl Zeiss Meditec Cirrus HD-OCT system adapted to the optical pathway of a Zeiss OPMI VISU 200 surgical microscope, 512 × 128 macular cube scans were performed during various steps of microsurgical procedures in 25 cases. The acquired volume data were postprocessed and visualized using a ray-traced three-dimensional display system.

An evaluation of a transcutaneous and an end-tidal capnometer for noninvasive monitoring of spontaneously breathing patients.

Background: Since there is a growing use of analgesia and sedation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, recommendations by national societies of anesthesiologists call for the application of capnometry during all anesthetic procedures.

Methods: We compared readings from a transcutaneous capnometer (Tosca) and an end-tidal capnometer (Microcap Plus) to P(aCO2) measurements made via arterial-blood-gas analysis. We studied 30 spontaneously breathing patients who were recovering from general anesthesia, and we used Bland Altman analysis to compare the capnometry readings to the arterial-blood-gas values.

The effects of motion artifact and low perfusion on the performance of a new generation of pulse oximeters in volunteers undergoing hypoxemia.

Introduction: Motion artifact and low perfusion often lead to faulty or absent pulse oximetry readings in clinical practice.

Objective: Determine the impact of motion artifact and low perfusion on newly introduced pulse oximetry technologies during hypoxemic episodes in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Five different pulse oximeters from 4 manufacturers (the Datex Ohmeda 3900P; the Agilent; the Nellcor N-3000; the Nellcor N-395; and the Schiller OX-1, which is the European version of the Ivy SatGuard 2000 with Masimo SET) were compared with respect to their ability (separated or in combination) to provide accurate readings in the presence of motion artifact and low perfusion.