Maternal socialization and infant helping in Uganda and the United Kingdom.

Prosocial behavior, including instrumental helping, emerges early in development, but the role parental attitudes and practices take in shaping the emergence of early helping across different cultural contexts is not well understood. We took a longitudinal approach to investigate maternal socialization of early helping across two different cultural groups. Participants were mother-infant dyads from urban/suburban York, United Kingdom (43 infants: 21 females, 22 males) and the rural Masindi District, Uganda (39 infants: 22 females, 17 males).

Understanding Goal Setting and Behavior Change Mechanics in an Older Adult Sitting Reduction Intervention.

Purpose: We explored intervention fidelity, participant satisfaction, and the goals and reminder strategies participants chose to reduce sitting.

Approach: Mixed methods approach leveraging data collected during study coaching and fidelity monitoring.

Setting: A successful 6-month randomized controlled trial of a sedentary behavior (SB) intervention for adults ≥60 years in Washington, USA.

Shooting for the STARS: Implementing an Evidence-Based Program to Meet the End of Treatment Needs of Childhood Cancer Survivors and Their Families.

The end of treatment (EOT) is a significant time point along the childhood cancer treatment-survivorship continuum, and is recognized as a time when childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and their families experience significant vulnerability and stress. There is a call by families and healthcare professionals alike for standardized, comprehensive EOT services to successfully navigate through this transition period and better cope with posttreatment medical, physical, and social-emotional issues. A multidisciplinary team of pediatric oncology health care professionals developed and implemented a two-session psychoeducational program to address these EOT needs.

The Association Between Obesity and Malignant Progression of Barrett's Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for both Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, it is unclear whether obesity drives the malignant progression of BE. We aimed to assess whether obesity is associated with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer in patients with BE.

pQEB1: a hospital outbreak plasmid lineage carrying .

While conducting genomic surveillance of carbapenemase-producing (CPE) from patient colonisation and clinical infections at Birmingham's Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QE), we identified an N-type plasmid lineage, pQEB1, carrying several antibiotic resistance genes, including the carbapenemase gene . The pQEB1 lineage is concerning due to its conferral of multidrug resistance, its host range and apparent transmissibility, and its potential for acquiring further resistance genes. Representatives of pQEB1 were found in three sequence types (STs) of , two STs of , and three species of .

Vegetative growth drives the negative effects of an invasive species on resident community diversity and is not limited by plant-soil feedbacks: A temporal assessment.

Many pathways of invasion have been posited, but ecologists lack an experimental framework to identify which mechanisms are dominant in a given invasion scenario. Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are one such mechanism that tend to initially facilitate, but over time attenuate, invasive species' impacts on plant diversity and ecosystem function. PSFs are typically measured under greenhouse conditions and are often assumed to have significant effects under field conditions that change over time.

Prevalence of Older Hospitalised Adults with Sustained Fractures after a Fall in Regional Australian Hospitals.

Falls commonly occur in hospitals, particularly among older adults. Fractures in the older population can cause major morbidity, which can result in long hospital admissions and increased care costs. This study aimed to characterise the demographics of patients aged 65 years and over who fell in hospital and to determine the type of fractures they sustained.

Implementation Strategies Used by Facilitators to Improve Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Primary Care.

Background: Practice facilitation supports practice change in clinical settings. Despite its widespread use little is known about how facilitators enable change.

Objective: This study identifies which implementation strategies practice facilitators used and the frequency of their use in a study to improve the quality of cardiovascular care in primary care.

Identification of pathways required for to colonize alfalfa using TraDIS-.

Unlabelled: Enteropathogenic bacteria, such as , have been linked to numerous fresh produce outbreaks, posing a significant public health threat. The ability of to persist on fresh produce for extended periods is partly attributed to its capacity to form biofilms, which pose a challenge to food decontamination and can increase pathogenic bacterial load in the food chain. Preventing colonization of food products and food processing environments is crucial for reducing the incidence of foodborne outbreaks.

Barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin during pregnancy: A co-produced systematic review and COM-B framework synthesis of qualitative evidence.

Introduction: Women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia are advised to take a daily low-dose of aspirin from 12 weeks of pregnancy to reduce their risks. Despite the well-established prophylactic effect of aspirin, adherence to this therapy is low. This systematic review aimed to summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin to inform intervention development to support decision making and persistence with aspirin use for pre-eclampsia prevention.

Gut resident profile predicts the eighteen-month probability and antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract infections.

Background: Community-acquired UTI is the most common bacterial infection managed in general medical practice that can lead to life-threatening outcomes. While UTIs are primarily caused by colonizing the patient's gut, it is unclear whether the gut resident profiles can predict the person's risks for UTI and optimal antimicrobial treatments. Thus, we conducted an eighteen-month long community-based observational study of fecal colonization and UTI in women aged 50 years and above.

Common food preservatives impose distinct selective pressures on Salmonella Typhimurium planktonic and biofilm populations.

Food preservatives are crucial in controlling microbial growth in processed foods to maintain food safety. Bacterial biofilms pose a threat in the food chain by facilitating persistence on a range of surfaces and food products. Cells in a biofilm are often highly tolerant of antimicrobials and can evolve in response to antimicrobial exposure.

Differential development of antibiotic resistance and virulence between species.

Unlabelled: The two species that account for most cases of -associated bacteremia in the United Kingdom are , often a commensal but also an emerging pathogen, and , a well-known antibiotic-resistant species. While these species both cause similar types of human infection and occupy the same niche, (unlike ) has thus far remained susceptible to antibiotics. Comparatively little is known about the biology of , and this is the largest study on it conducted to date, providing valuable insights into its behaviour and potential threat to human health.

Risk Factors for Incident Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis.

While highly prevalent, risk factors for incident polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are poorly delineated. Using a population-based cohort, we sought to identify predictors of incident PCOS diagnosis. A matched case-control analysis was completed utilizing patients enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Washington from 2006 to 2019.

Collateral sensitivity increases the efficacy of a rationally designed bacteriophage combination to control .

The ability of virulent bacteriophages to lyse bacteria influences bacterial evolution, fitness, and population structure. Knowledge of both host susceptibility and resistance factors is crucial for the successful application of bacteriophages as biological control agents in clinical therapy, food processing, and agriculture. In this study, we isolated 12 bacteriophages termed SPLA phage which infect the foodborne pathogen .

We Are Done! Now What? Exploring End of Treatment Needs of Childhood Cancer Survivors and Their Parents.

Increased childhood cancer survival rates have spurred a new body of research pertaining to the cancer-survivorship continuum. Literature suggests a lack of research and guidelines for care at the end of treatment (EOT). To improve the transition to survivorship and determine any posttreatment challenges, this study explored the experiences of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), parents/caregivers, and pediatric oncology health care professionals (HCPs) at EOT.

From structural polymorphism to structural metamorphosis of the coat protein of flexuous filamentous potato virus Y.

The structural diversity and tunability of the capsid proteins (CPs) of various icosahedral and rod-shaped viruses have been well studied and exploited in the development of smart hybrid nanoparticles. However, the potential of CPs of the wide-spread flexuous filamentous plant viruses remains to be explored. Here, we show that we can control the shape, size, RNA encapsidation ability, symmetry, stability and surface functionalization of nanoparticles through structure-based design of CP from potato virus Y (PVY).

Health and social care professional standards need to be updated to advance leadership and action for environmental sustainability and planetary health.

Background: Human health is inextricably linked to planetary health. The desire to nurture and protect both concurrently requires the mitigation of healthcare-associated environmental harms and global initiatives that support sustainable lifestyles. Health leadership is important to bring adequate attention and action to address planetary health challenges.

Genomic characterization of Pseudomonas spp. on food: implications for spoilage, antimicrobial resistance and human infection.

Background: Pseudomonas species are common on food, but their contribution to the antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) burden within food or as a source of clinical infection is unknown. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections and is often hard to treat due to intrinsic and acquired ARGs commonly carried by this species. This study aimed to understand the potential role of Pseudomonas on food as a reservoir of ARGs and to assess the presence of potentially clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains on food.

Improving Diabetes Control in a Medicaid Managed Care Population With Complex Needs.

Introduction: People enrolled in Medicaid managed care who struggle with diabetes control often have complex medical, behavioral, and social needs. Here the authors report the results of a program designed to partner with primary care teams to address those needs.

Methods: A nonprofit organization partnered with a Medicaid managed care plan and a Federally Qualified Health Center in California to enroll people with A1cs 9% in a 12-month program.

Assessing the Feasibility of an Empathic Inquiry Approach to Social Needs Screening in 10 Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Objectives: Despite an increasing emphasis from health care organizations on patients' social health, there is debate about how best to screen patients for social health needs in practice. Empathic Inquiry is a patient-centered approach to asking about patients' social needs that incorporates motivational interviewing and trauma-informed care techniques to increase patient experience of trustworthiness and safety with their care teams. The purpose of this brief report is to describe the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an Empathic Inquiry-informed approach to social needs screening in 10 federally qualified health centers.

The adaptability of the ion-binding site by the Ag(I)/Cu(I) periplasmic chaperone SilF.

The periplasmic chaperone SilF has been identified as part of an Ag(I) detoxification system in Gram-negative bacteria. Sil proteins also bind Cu(I) but with reported weaker affinity, therefore leading to the designation of a specific detoxification system for Ag(I). Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that binding of both ions is not only tighter than previously thought but of very similar affinities.