The virulence protein PagN contributes to the advent of a hyper-replicating cytosolic bacterial population.

subspecies serovar Typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen that invades and colonizes the intestinal epithelium. Following bacterial invasion, is enclosed within a membrane-bound vacuole known as a -containing vacuole (SCV). However, a subset of has the capability to prematurely rupture the SCV and escape, resulting in hyper-replication within the cytosol of epithelial cells.

Evaluating the success of an inpatient PA and NP program through trends in ED consults.

Objective: We investigated the effect of an inpatient physician associate/assistant (PA) and NP program on consult volume, length of stay (LOS), and ED returns.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 4,118 orthopedic ED consults was conducted from January 2017 to March 2022. Univariate statistics were used to evaluate outcomes between cohorts and multivariate regression to evaluate the odds of an LOS of less than 24 hours.

Polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether profiles vary with feeding ecology and marine rearing distribution among 10 Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks in the North Pacific Ocean.

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) along the west coast of North America have experienced significant declines in abundance and body size over recent decades due to several anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the reasons underlying the relatively high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Chinook stocks is an important need, as it informs recovery planning for this foundation species, as well for the Chinook-dependent Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca, RKW) of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA). We evaluated the influence of stock-related differences in feeding ecology, using stable isotopes, and marine rearing ground on the concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Chinook salmon.

Absorbable Sutures and Telemedicine for Patients Undergoing Trigger Finger Release.

Background In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of care processes that reduce the need for in-person clinic visits while maintaining low complication rates is needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing trigger finger release with various suture and follow-up visit types to assess the feasibility of shifting towards telemedicine-based follow-up protocols. Methods A retrospective review of 329 patients undergoing trigger finger release was performed.

Mercury accumulation and biomarkers of exposure in two popular recreational fishes in Hawaiian waters.

Mercury (Hg) exposure has not been examined in many recreational nearshore fish species that are commonly consumed around the Hawaiian Islands. Specific gene transcripts, such as metallothionein (MET) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), can be used to examine Hg exposure responses in aquatic organisms. This study measured total mercury (THg) in four species from two groups of Hawaiian nearshore fishes: giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis, n = 13), bluefin trevally (C.

Adductor Canal Blocks Are Not Associated With Improved Early Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.

As length of stay after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to shorten, interventions that may reduce early postoperative pain and complications must be studied. Peripheral nerve block is being explored as a potential means of improving pain management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adductor canal block (ACB) on postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing TKA.

Epithelial cell invasion by typhimurium induces modulation of genes controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and involved in extracellular matrix biogenesis.

is the only bacterium able to enter a host cell by the two known mechanisms: trigger and zipper. The trigger mechanism relies on the injection of bacterial effectors into the host cell through the type III secretion system 1. In the zipper mechanism, mediated by the invasins Rck and PagN, the bacterium takes advantage of a cellular receptor for invasion.

Racial Disparities in Outcomes of Total Joint Arthroplasty at a Single Institution: Have We Made Progress?

Background: Health disparities disproportionately affect minority groups across the United States with respect to care access, quality, and outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine existing disparities between white and African American (AA) patients regarding postoperative outcomes following total joint arthroplasty and provide insight into disparity trends over a 9-year period.

Methods: A retrospective review of 16,779 total joint arthroplasty patients at a single institution between January 2013 and December 2021 was performed.

Telemedicine Satisfaction and Preferences in an Orthopaedic Spine Clinic.

The use of telemedicine has expanded amid the COVID-19 pandemic and office closures and cancellation of elective surgeries early in the pandemic helped propagated its use. Previous studies have described the feasibility of telemedicine, however, little has been reported on patient perception and preferences within orthopaedics. The objective of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and preferences of telemedicine from the perspective of patients within an orthopaedic spine clinic.

The Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Perioperative Outcomes and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function After Thoracolumbar Surgery.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common within spine patient populations. The demand for surgical management of degenerative spine conditions and the prevalence of mental disorders are expected to increase as the general population ages. Concurrently, there is increasing pressure to demonstrate high-value care through improved perioperative outcome metrics and patient-reported outcome instruments.

Pain After Preoperative Ultrasound Guided Hip Injections for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hip replacement is a frequently performed and highly successful treatment for patients with end stage osteoarthritis. Advances in technique and pain management have allowed for rapid mobilization and early discharge after surgery. We hypothesize that pre-incision intra-articular injection of local anesthetic with epinephrine under image guidance combined with post incision peri-articular injection (PAI) may be more effective than PAI alone.

Simplified Approaches for the Production of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells and Study of Antigen Presentation in Bovine.

Dendritic cells are sentinels of the immune system responsible for the initiation of adaptive immune mechanisms. In that respect, the study of these cells is essential for a full understanding of host response to infectious agents and vaccines. In ruminants, the large blood volume facilitates the isolation of abundant monocytes and their derivation to other antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages.

Development and validation of a risk-based algorithm for preoperative type and screen testing in spine surgery.

Background Context: With improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management, transfusion rates after spine surgery have decreased over time. Given this trend, routine preoperative ABO/Rh type and antibody screen (T&S) laboratory testing may not be warranted in all patients undergoing spine surgery.

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to evaluate risk factors for intra/postoperative transfusion in patients undergoing a variety of spine procedures and to develop an algorithm for selectively ordering preoperative T&S testing in appropriate patients.

Intracellular Salmonella Paratyphi A is motile and differs in the expression of flagella-chemotaxis, SPI-1 and carbon utilization pathways in comparison to intracellular S. Typhimurium.

Although Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) and Salmonella Paratyphi A (SPA) belong to the same phylogenetic species, share large portions of their genome and express many common virulence factors, they differ vastly in their host specificity, the immune response they elicit, and the clinical manifestations they cause. In this work, we compared their intracellular transcriptomic architecture and cellular phenotypes during human epithelial cell infection. While transcription induction of many metal transport systems, purines, biotin, PhoPQ and SPI-2 regulons was similar in both intracellular SPA and STM, we identified 234 differentially expressed genes that showed distinct expression patterns in intracellular SPA vs.

Enhanced Preoperative Education Pathways: A Step Toward Reducing Disparities in Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes.

Background: Patients with increased comorbidities, lower socioeconomic status, and African American (AA) race have been shown to be at increased risk for suboptimal outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Despite the body of evidence highlighting these disparities, few interventions aimed at improving outcomes specifically in high-risk patients have been evaluated. This study evaluates the impact of an enhanced preoperative education pathway (EPrEP) on outcomes after TJA.

Patients From Medically Underserved Areas Are at Increased Risk for Nonhome Discharge and Emergency Department Return After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Maryland Health Enterprise Zones (MHEZs) were introduced in 2012 and encompass underserved areas and those with reduced access to healthcare providers. Across the United States many underserved and minority populations experience poorer total joint arthroplasty (TJA) outcomes seemingly because they reside in underserved areas. The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the relationship between living in an MHEZ and TJA outcomes.

Murine AML12 hepatocytes allow Salmonella Typhimurium T3SS1-independent invasion and intracellular fate.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the key role of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) apparatus as well as its associated effectors in the invasion and intracellular fate of Salmonella in the host cell. Several T3SS1 effectors work together to control cytoskeleton networks and induce massive membrane ruffles, allowing pathogen internalization. Salmonella resides in a vacuole whose maturation requires that the activity of T3SS1 subverts early stages of cell signaling.

A large panel of chicken cells are invaded by Typhimurium even when depleted of all known invasion factors.

Poultry are the main source of human infection by . As infected poultry are asymptomatic, identifying infected poultry farms is difficult, thus controlling animal infections is of primary importance. As cell tropism is known to govern disease, our aim was therefore to identify infected host-cell types in the organs of chicks known to be involved in infection and investigate the role of the three known invasion factors in this process (T3SS-1, Rck and PagN).

The Invasin and Complement-Resistance Protein Rck of Salmonella is More Widely Distributed than Previously Expected.

The open reading frame (ORF) on the operon encodes an outer membrane protein responsible for invasion of nonphagocytic cell lines and resistance to complement-mediated killing. Until now, the ORF was only detected on the virulence plasmids of three serovars of Salmonella subsp. (i.

Naturally occurring organobromine compounds (OBCs) including polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas.

Halogenated natural products (HNPs) were identified from organic extracts of the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas using gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry and non-targeted gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry. The HNPs found have similar properties to anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Two ortho-methoxy brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) 2'-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47 were the most abundant compounds.

Intraoperative Anaphylaxis in Response to Hemostatic Agents With Protein Derivatives.

Topical hemostatic agents are commonly used in a wide variety of surgical procedures to assist in hemostasis. However, the use of these agents is not without risk as many contain biologically active agents derived from human and animal products that have the potential to cause adverse reactions. This case report covers a 44-year-old man with a history of alpha-gal syndrome who was scheduled for an open reduction and internal fixation of a left distal radius fracture.

Typhimurium Invalidated for the Three Currently Known Invasion Factors Keeps Its Ability to Invade Several Cell Models.

To establish an infection, has to interact with eukaryotic cells. Invasion of non-phagocytic cells (i.e.

Evaluation of mycobacteria-specific gamma interferon and antibody responses before and after a single intradermal skin test in cattle naturally exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and experimentally infected with M. bovis.

This study reports on the diagnostic potential of IFN-γ release assays and serology for Mycobacterium bovis in six naturally M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) exposed bulls of which four were intratracheally infected with a Belgian field strain of M.