Biomimetic human small muscular pulmonary arteries.

Changes in structure and function of small muscular arteries play a major role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, a burgeoning public health challenge. Improved anatomically mimetic in vitro models of these microvessels are urgently needed because nonhuman vessels and previous models do not accurately recapitulate the microenvironment and architecture of the human microvascular wall. Here, we describe parallel biofabrication of photopatterned self-rolled biomimetic pulmonary arterial microvessels of tunable size and infrastructure.

Targeting Mechanoresponsive Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone Blocks Dissemination and Invasion by Activating MYH14.

Metastasis is complex, involving multiple genetic, epigenetic, biochemical, and physical changes in the cancer cell and its microenvironment. Cells with metastatic potential are often characterized by altered cellular contractility and deformability, lending them the flexibility to disseminate and navigate through different microenvironments. We demonstrate that mechanoresponsiveness is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer cells.

Publisher Correction: Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation.

In the original version of this Article, the label "RTK" in Figure 6a was inadvertently changed to "RTE". This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jr-Ming Yang, which was incorrectly given as J.-Ming Yang. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation.

The Ras-ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes in response to environmental stimuli and contains important therapeutic targets for cancer. Recent single cell studies revealed stochastic pulses of ERK activation, the frequency of which determines functional outcomes such as cell proliferation. Here we show that ERK pulses are initiated by localized protrusive activities.

14-3-3 proteins tune non-muscle myosin II assembly.

The 14-3-3 family comprises a group of small proteins that are essential, ubiquitous, and highly conserved across eukaryotes. Overexpression of the 14-3-3 proteins σ, ϵ, ζ, and η correlates with high metastatic potential in multiple cancer types. In , 14-3-3 promotes myosin II turnover in the cell cortex and modulates cortical tension, cell shape, and cytokinesis.

Pharmacological activation of myosin II paralogs to correct cell mechanics defects.

Current approaches to cancer treatment focus on targeting signal transduction pathways. Here, we develop an alternative system for targeting cell mechanics for the discovery of novel therapeutics. We designed a live-cell, high-throughput chemical screen to identify mechanical modulators.

Genetic suppression of a phosphomimic myosin II identifies system-level factors that promote myosin II cleavage furrow accumulation.

How myosin II localizes to the cleavage furrow in Dictyostelium and metazoan cells remains largely unknown despite significant advances in understanding its regulation. We designed a genetic selection using cDNA library suppression of 3xAsp myosin II to identify factors involved in myosin cleavage furrow accumulation. The 3xAsp mutant is deficient in bipolar thick filament assembly, fails to accumulate at the cleavage furrow, cannot rescue myoII-null cytokinesis, and has impaired mechanosensitive accumulation.

Cytokinesis mechanics and mechanosensing.

Cytokinesis shape change occurs through the interfacing of three modules, cell mechanics, myosin II-mediated contractile stress generation and sensing, and a control system of regulatory proteins, which together ensure flexibility and robustness. This integrated system then defines the stereotypical shape changes of successful cytokinesis, which occurs under a diversity of mechanical contexts and environmental conditions.

High-resolution profiling of homing endonuclease binding and catalytic specificity using yeast surface display.

Experimental analysis and manipulation of protein-DNA interactions pose unique biophysical challenges arising from the structural and chemical homogeneity of DNA polymers. We report the use of yeast surface display for analytical and selection-based applications for the interaction between a LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease and its DNA target. Quantitative flow cytometry using oligonucleotide substrates facilitated a complete profiling of specificity, both for DNA-binding and catalysis, with single base pair resolution.

Viscosity of nitrogen measured to pressures of 7 GPa and temperatures of 573 K.

Shear viscosities of supercritical nitrogen have been measured to 573 K and 7 GPa (70 kbars). Measurements were made in a diamond-anvil cell with a rolling-ball technique. Individual isotherms are well fitted by a modified Doolittle equation.