Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion Screen Is an Ideal Prehospital Scale to Avoid Missing Endovascular Therapy in Acute Stroke.

Background and Purpose- The strong evidence of endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is revealed. Such patients are required to direct transport to the hospital capable of endovascular therapy. There are several prehospital scales available for paramedics to predict LVO.

The effectiveness of an occlusal disclosure sheet to diagnose sleep bruxism: A pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of vacuum-pressed, BruxChecker sheets for the diagnosis of sleep bruxism.

Methods: Twenty subjects participated in this study. Tooth contact during sleep was recorded using a 0.

Multiple Cerebral Infarctions in a Patient with Adenomyosis on Hormone Replacement Therapy: A Case Report.

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of repeated episodes of bilateral hand weakness. She had a 10-year history of combined estrogen-progestin therapy for menopausal symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission showed multiple hyperintense lesions in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar cortices on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Spontaneous Bilateral Cervical Internal Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection in a Japanese Patient without Collagen Vascular Disease with Special Reference to Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Frequently, sCAD involves multiple neck arteries, accounting for 13%-28% of the total sCAD cases. However, little is known about factors related to multiple sCAD.

Thrombolysis, Complete Recanalization, Diffusion Reversal, and Luxury Perfusion in Hyperacute Stroke.

A 59-year old man was admitted to our stroke care unit 1.8 hours after onset of cardioembolic stroke. Administration of issue-plasminogen activator achieved complete recanalization, and his lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) disappeared and single photon emission computed tomography showed luxury perfusion.

Decreased P300 current source density in drug-naive first episode schizophrenics revealed by high density recording.

Decreased P300 amplitude has been reported in schizophrenics during their first episode. The brain sources that contribute to this abnormality have not yet been well documented, and were investigated in the present study using high density EEG recordings. Nineteen drug-naive first episode schizophrenics were compared to 25 normal controls.

Risk and prognostic factors of poor visual outcome in Behcet's disease with ocular involvement.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine factors correlated with the progression of irreversible visual disturbance in Behcet's disease (BD) with ocular involvement.

Methods: Forty-seven BD patients with ocular inflammation, who presented with the first ocular episode, and who had been followed continuously for 5-10 years in our hospital, were studied. Charts were reviewed for gender, onset age of uveitis, complete or incomplete type BD, HLA-B51 status, final visual acuity at the last remission period, mean number of ocular attacks per year, and clinical findings of iridocyclitis with profuse hypopyon, strong vitreous opacity blocking the observation of retinal vessels, diffuse retinal vasculitis, and exudates with hemorrhage within the retinal vascular arcade.

Influence of duration of untreated psychosis on auditory P300 in drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia.

P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia is, according to previous studies, partially recovered by treatment with neuroleptics. However, whether this medication-induced P300 recovery is associated with duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) remains unreported; the present study is a preliminary examination of this question. Auditory P300 was recorded from 18 drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia patients, among whom 10 were identified as short DUP, and eight as long DUP.

Effects of intravitreal injection of tacrolimus (FK506) in experimental uveitis.

Purpose: To examine the immunosuppressive and neuroprotective effects of intravitreal injection of tacrolimus in experimental uveitis.

Methods: Tacrolimus (40 microg) was injected intravitreally in rabbits to examine safety. Experimental uveitis was induced in rabbits by systemic immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by intravitreal challenge with BSA.

Correlation between P50 suppression and psychometric schizotypy among non-clinical Japanese subjects.

The link between P50 suppression and psychometric schizotypy was previously reported in non-clinical English-speaking subjects; however, whether a similar relationship exists within a different ethnic sample is unknown. Furthermore, whether such a relationship can also be accounted for by such basic personality characteristics as extraversion or neuroticism has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the correlations of P50 suppression with psychometric schizotypy, and with extraversion or neuroticism among non-clinical Japanese.

Abnormalities of P300 cortical current density in unmedicated depressed patients revealed by LORETA analysis of event-related potentials.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural substrates underlying event-related potential (ERP) abnormalities, with respect to the generators of the ERP components in depressed patients. Using an oddball paradigm, ERP from auditory stimuli were recorded from 22 unmedicated patients with current depressive episodes and compared with those from 22 age- and gender-matched normal controls. Cortical current densities of the N100 and P300 components were analyzed using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA).

Increased rate of P300 latency prolongation with age in drug-naive and first episode schizophrenia.

Objective: Previous studies have found an increased rate of P300 latency prolongation with age in medicated chronic patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a pathological neurodegenerative process. In this study, we investigated whether this abnormality was identified in drug-naive and first episode patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: P300 from auditory stimuli was recorded from 20 drug naive and first episode male patients with schizophrenia and compared with 23 age and handedness matched healthy male controls.

The N200 abnormalities of auditory event-related potentials in patients with panic disorder.

Cognitive impairment in patients with panic disorder (PD) has been studied using event-related potentials (ERPs). However, previous studies obtained ERP data only at a few scalp sites, and seldom investigated N200 measurements from the difference waveforms. In the present study, auditory ERPs were recorded at 16 scalp sites during an active discrimination task of oddball paradigm.

N400 abnormalities in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia during a lexical decision task.

A lexical decision task was used to investigate semantic processing in schizophrenia. Eighteen unmedicated schizophrenics and 18 gender/age-matched controls were tested. Subjects were visually presented with pairs of words.

Abnormalities of auditory P300 cortical current density in patients with schizophrenia using high density recording.

While P300 current density analysis has been performed in schizophrenic patients, the event-related potential data have never been obtained using a high density recording, nor have their cortical images been well demonstrated. In this study, the auditory P300 elicited by an oddball paradigm was recorded using a high density recording system of 128 channels. Thirteen male patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were compared with 20 healthy male controls.

Abnormalities of auditory event-related potentials in students with schizotypal personality disorder.

Biological, phenomenological and cognitive similarities are known to exist between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). This study examined whether, and to what extent, abnormalities in event-related potentials (ERPs) already extensively reported in schizophrenia can also be observed in persons psychometrically identified with SPD. Event-related potentials were examined in nine SPD subjects and nine controls recruited from among 1693 college students, using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID I and II).

Volumetric evaluation of the thalamus in schizophrenic male patients using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The thalamus, an important subcortical brain region connecting limbic and prefrontal cortices, has a significant role in sensory and cortical processing. Although inconsistently, previous studies have demonstrated neuroanatomical abnormalities in the thalamus of schizophrenic patients.

Methods: This structural magnetic resonance imaging study, based on segmentation of contiguous coronal 1.

A neuropsychological analysis of schizophrenic thought disorder.

We examined the relationship of schizophrenic thought disorder, as measured by the Thought Disorder Index (TDI), with (1) neuropsychological measures of verbal memory, abstraction, executive function, visual memory, and working memory; and (2) quantitative MRI measures of prefrontal and basal ganglia structures. TDI scores correlated strongly with tests of verbal memory, abstraction and executive functions, modestly with tests of working memory, but did not correlate with scores on tests of visual memory. Neither TDI scores nor their neuropsychological correlates were associated with frontal or basal ganglia magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures, with the exception of the measures of working memory that demonstrated a modest relationship with frontal and basal ganglia structures.

Abnormalities of auditory event-related potentials in schizophrenia prior to treatment.

Background: P300 amplitude reduction is a consistent finding in schizophrenic patients, but it is unclear if this abnormality predates neuroleptic treatment or is present at onset of illness.

Methods: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), during a standard oddball paradigm, were recorded from 45 neuroleptic-naive schizophrenics, 56 drug-free, previously treated schizophrenics, and 73 healthy normal controls. Forty-seven of the schizophrenic subjects had their first episode within the past year.

A topographic study of ERPs elicited by visual feature discrimination.

The functional properties and topographic distribution of event-related potential (ERP) components elicited by visual discrimination of orientation, spatial frequency, spatial location, and color were investigated. ERPs were recorded from 28 electrode sites from 16 adult subjects. Five ERP components were measured: N1 (peak latency = 160 ms), P2 (250 ms), anterior N2 (260 ms), posterior N2 (280 ms), and P3 (400 ms).

Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

This study used quantitative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging techniques to explore the neuroanatomic correlates of chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in seven Vietnam veterans with PTSD compared with seven nonPTSD combat veterans and eight normal nonveterans. Both left and right hippocampi were significantly smaller in the PTSD subjects compared to the Combat Control and Normal subjects, even after adjusting for age, whole brain volume, and lifetime alcohol consumption. There were no statistically significant group differences in intracranial cavity, whole brain, ventricles, ventricle:brain ratio, or amygdala.

Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus volume in schizophrenia: a quantitative MRI study.

Basal ganglia structures have been reported to be abnormal in schizophrenia. However, while component structures of the basal ganglia are functionally differentiated, there have been no evaluations of their separate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes with small voxel (1.5 mm3) spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in steady state techniques and multi-plane assessments.