Rearing Theretra oldenlandiae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Larvae on an Artificial Diet.

The hawk moth Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius) is an important insect pest because in the larval stage it feeds on agricultural crops and ornamental plants such as the eddoe and garden balsam. In this study, we established methods for rearing T. oldenlandiae in the laboratory using an artificial diet containing dry powder of a wild grass Cayratia japonica (Thunb.

Synthesis of α-Quaternary Formimides and Aldehydes through Umpolung Asymmetric Copper Catalysis with Isocyanides.

A highly regio- and enantioselective copper-catalyzed three-component coupling of isocyanides, hydrosilanes, and γ,γ-disubstituted allylic phosphates/chlorides to afford chiral α-quaternary formimides was enabled by the combined use of our original chiral naphthol-carbene ligand as a functional Cu-supporting ligand and LiOtBu as a stoichiometric Lewis base for Si. The formimides were readily converted to α-quaternary aldehydes.

Construction of quaternary stereogenic carbon centers through copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic cross-coupling with alkylboranes.

A combination of an in situ generated chiral Cu(I) /DTBM-MeO-BIPHEP catalyst system and EtOK enabled the enantioselective SN 2'-type allylic cross-coupling between alkylborane reagents and γ,γ-disubstituted primary allyl chlorides with enantiocontrol at a useful level. The reaction generates a stereogenic quaternary carbon center having three sp(3) -alkyl groups and a vinyl group. This protocol allowed the use of terminal alkenes as nucleophile precursors, thus representing a formal reductive allylic cross-coupling of terminal alkenes.

Auditory postauricular responses in patients with peripheral facial nerve palsy.

Auditory postauricular response (PAR) was determined in 52 subjects with normal hearing and 83 patients with unilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy. PAR was induced bilaterally by bilateral aural stimulation in 50 (96%) of the 52 subjects. Determination of PAR in the 83 patients disclosed that the prognosis was significantly (p less than 0.