Beyond clinical observations: a scoping review of AI-detectable observable cues in borderline personality disorder.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), impacting approximately 2% of adults worldwide, presents a formidable challenge in psychiatric diagnostics. Often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, BPD is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This scoping review embarks on a comprehensive exploration of observable cues in BPD, encompassing language patterns, speech nuances, facial expressions, nonverbal communication, and physiological measurements.

Stigma About Mental Health in Slovenian First-Year Medical Students.

Objective: Stigma surrounding mental health persists as a significant impediment to adequate support and help-seeking behaviors in Slovenia, despite advancements in psychiatric care and education. This study investigates stigma among first-year medical students at the University of Maribor, Slovenia and how the stigma changes after completing a course in mental health literacy.

Participants: Participants were first-year medical students at the University of Maribor in the academic year 2023/2024.

Incidence, Severity and Characteristics of Patients' Aggression in Acute Psychiatric Wards: Data from a Slovenian National Survey.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence, severity and characteristics of aggressive behaviour in patients hospitalized in acute psychiatric wards, as well as the association between patient characteristics and the incidence of recurrent aggressive behaviour.

Methods: A multicentre prospective study included all twelve acute wards in Slovenian psychiatric hospitals with a total capacity of 232 beds. Over five consecutive months, data on the number of treatment episodes involving aggressive behaviour and the number of aggressive incidents, their severity and characteristics were obtained using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R).

Slovenian Version of the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale: Evaluation of Interrater and Test-Retest Reliability.

Aim: The Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (DIEPSS) is a multidimensional rating scale for the assessment of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), developed in 1994. It is suitable for evaluating EPS considering the degree of influence EPS has on daily activities and the subjective distress that it causes.

Method: This study to evaluate the interrater and test-retest reliability of the DIEPSS Slovenian version conducted at the University Medical Center Maribor in Slovenia in November 2018.

Impaired Neurodevelopmental Genes in Slovenian Autistic Children Elucidate the Comorbidity of Autism With Other Developmental Disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a phenotypically heterogeneous group of patients that strongly intertwine with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with genetics playing a significant role in their etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has become predominant in molecular diagnostics for ASD by considerably increasing the diagnostic yield. However, the proportion of undiagnosed patients still remains high due to complex clinical presentation, reduced penetrance, and lack of segregation analysis or clinical information.

Effectiveness of De-Escalation in Reducing Aggression and Coercion in Acute Psychiatric Units. A Cluster Randomized Study.

Objective: Most guidelines for the management of aggressive behavior in acute psychiatric patients describe the use of de-escalation as the first-choice method, but the evidence for its effectiveness is inconsistent. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of verbal and non-verbal de-escalation on the incidence and severity of aggression and the use of physical restraints in acute psychiatric wards.

Methods: A multi-center cluster randomized study was conducted in the acute wards of all psychiatric hospitals in Slovenia.

Explicit and Implicit Measures of Identity Diffusion in Adolescent Girls With Borderline Personality Disorder.

The present study is the first to examine both the implicit and explicit self-concept of identity diffusion in a sample of adolescent patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A clinical sample of adolescent girls with diagnosed BPD ( = 30; M age = 15.9 years) and a sample of girls with a healthy personality development ( = 33; M age = 16.

Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa Comorbidity: Common Features and Treatment Possibilities With Cognitive Remediation Therapy and Oxytocin.

Autistic traits or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be found in 4% to 52% of anorexic patients, which makes the treatment of these patients very challenging. In this review, possible ways to treat ASD and anorexia nervosa (AN) comorbidity in children and adolescents are summarized. Over recent years, the focus has shifted from searching for the evidence of connections between these two disorders, which have started with Gillberg's study in 1983, to searching for more effective and holistic treatment of this comorbidity.

CNVs and Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Patients With Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Genotype-Phenotype Associations.

Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and bipolar disorder (EOB) start before the age of 18 years and have a more severe clinical course, a worse prognosis, and a greater genetic loading compared to the late-onset forms. Copy number variations (CNVs) are an important genetic factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze CNVs in patients with EOS and EOB and to establish genotype-phenotype relationships for contiguous gene syndromes or genes affected by identified CNVs.

A Pilot Randomized Control Trial With the Probiotic Strain GG (LGG) in ADHD: Children and Adolescents Report Better Health-Related Quality of Life.

This double-blind pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the possible effect of the probiotic strain GG ATCC53103 (LGG) on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), health-related quality of life (QoL), and serum levels of cytokines in children and adolescents with ADHD. This trial evaluated 32 drug-naive children and adolescents aged between four and 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD. The study subjects were randomly assigned to either the group that received LGG or the group that received the placebo.

Rare structural variants in the DOCK8 gene identified in a cohort of 439 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Detection of copy number variations (CNVs) is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), which reveals the genetic cause of the disorder in more than 20%. These are mostly known microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, but variants of unknown clinical significance (VOUS) and ambiguous CNVs can also be detected. An example of the last two are abnormalities in the DOCK8 gene.

Specific behavioural phenotype and secondary cognitive decline as a result of an 8.6 Mb deletion of 2q32.2q33.1.

Chromosomal abnormalities involving 2q32q33 deletions are very rare and present with a specific phenotype. This case report describes a 37-year-old female patient with 2q32q33 microdeletion syndrome presenting with the characteristic features, but with the addition of secondary cognitive decline. Molecular karyotyping was performed on the patient and her parents.

Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy: disorganized schizophrenia-like symptoms and postpartum depression in 2 sisters.

We describe the cases of 2 sisters with adult metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). Whereas one sister presented with disorganized schizophrenia-like symptoms as the initial manifestation of MLD, the other remained symptom free except for a 4-week period of postpartum depression. In both patients, there was some residual activity of leukocyte arylsulfatase A (1.