Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular involvements in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Over the past four decades, numerous case reports and clinical studies have highlighted the presence of heart disease in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Given the limited information in this field and the imperative to identify early changes during childhood, our study aims to explore cardiac dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis using echocardiography.

Methods: In this case-control study, we examined echocardiographic findings from thirty-three patients with cystic fibrosis and sixty healthy children.

Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Oxygen Therapy; a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Oxygen therapy, if done correctly, can save patients' life promptly. However, improper use will be just as dangerous. The present study aimed to investigate the level of nurses' knowledge on properly using oxygen.

Clinical guidelines for traumatic brain injuries in children and boys.

The main aim of management of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to hold normal ranges for optimizing the most proper outcomes. However, to provide physiologic requirements to an injured brain it is very important to enhance the quality of recovery and minimize secondary injuries. The aim of study is to identify proper guidelines to manage pediatric TBI.

Survey of efficacy of pediatric appendicitis score in Iranian patients less than 18 years old referred to the emergency department.

Introduction: Abdominal pain, in particular appendicitis, is a common cause of emergency department visits in children. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important. There are different scoring systems for the diagnosis of appendicitis.

Prognosis in children with traumatic injuries referring to the emergency department.

Purpose: Trauma may lead to serious complications in children patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate prognosis in children with traumatic injuries.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all of the children (<18 years old) who had suffered traumatic injuries and transferred to the emergency department of Imam Hussein Hospital by emergency medical services.

Accuracy of emergency transfusion score in prediction need for blood transfusion among multiple trauma patients: A cross-sectional study from Iran.

Objective: Prediction of blood transfusion requirement in trauma patients is a dilemma in most trauma centers. The aim of the current study was assessing the accuracy of emergency transfusion score (ETS) in detecting patients' need for blood transfusion in ED.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all multiple trauma patients referred to the emergency department (ED) of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from March to August 2014, were enrolled.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy; a Cross Sectional Study.

Introduction: Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is defined as having evidence of coagulopathy in patients with severe trauma. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ATC in severely traumatic patients presenting to emergency department (ED).

Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study, all patients with severe traumatic injury and available coagulation profile, presenting to the EDs of two major trauma centers in Tehran, Iran, during one year, were studied.

Effect of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Central Venous Pressure in Patients under Mechanical Ventilation.

Introduction: Finding the probable governing pattern of PEEP and CVP changes is an area of interest for in-charge physicians and researchers. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of evaluating the relationship between the mentioned pressures.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, patients under mechanical ventilation were evaluated with the aim of assessing the effect of PEEP change on CVP.

The Effects of Air Pollution on Ischemic Stroke Admission Rate.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of air pollutants and the rate of ischemic stroke (IS) admissions to hospitals. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, stroke admissions (January-March 2012 and 2013) to an emergency department and air pollution and meteorological data were gathered. The relationship between air pollutant levels and hospital admission rates were evaluated using the generalize additive model.

Prevalence of Stroke in Neonates Who Admitted With Seizures in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Prevalence of neonatal stroke has been reported 1/2300-1/4000 live births and accounts for 12-20% of the cases of neonatal seizures. Although stroke has been introduced as the second cause of the neonatal seizures in literatures, it may remain unclear in diagnostic evaluations of seizure in neonates. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of stroke in neonates with seizure.

The Effect of Emergency Department Overcrowding on Efficiency of Emergency Medicine Residents' Education.

Introduction: Creating a calm and stress-free environment affects education significantly. The effects of the emergency department overcrowding (EDO) on the training of emergency medicine residents (EMR) is a highly debated subject. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of EDO on efficiency of EMR's education.

Measuring Serum Level of Ionized Magnesium in Patients with Migraine.

Objective: Migraine is known as one of the most disabling types of headache. Among the variety of theories to explain mechanism of migraine, role of serum magnesium is of great importance. Serum magnesium, as a pathogenesis factor, was considerably lower in patients with migraine.

Propofol Versus Midazolam for Procedural Sedation of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD) is one of the most common reasons for referrals to emergency departments (ED). Usually, a combination of an intravenous narcotic and a benzodiazepine is used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in such cases.

Objectives: This study compares the efficacy of two combinations to reduce ASD.

The Role of Antiepileptic Treatment in the Recurrence Rate of Seizures After First Attack: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Epilepsy is a serious, potentially life-shortening brain disorder that occurs in patients of all ages and races. A total of 2-4% of people have experienced seizures at least once in their lifetime. Although treatment usually begins after a seizure, it is an important question whether the first cases of seizure do need to be treated by antiepileptic drugs.

A comparative study on the sedative effect of oral midazolam and oral chloral hydrate medication in lumbar puncture.

Objective: Lumbar puncture (LP) is usually associated with anxiety and apprehension in children and their parents. This study was performed for controlling children's anxiety before and during LP and increasing the success of LP due to relaxation of the child following the use of sedative drugs and to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral midazolam and oral chloral hydrate.

Method: This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 160 children aged 2-7 years, candidates for LP.

Evaluation of the Alvarado score in acute abdominal pain.

Background: The Alvarado score is utilized to determine the likelihood of appendicitis based on clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory results. The goal of this study was to determine whether Alvarado scores can be used to aid in the accurate diagnosis of appendicitis.

Methods: Alvarado score evaluations were performed on 300 patients that were referred to or presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain.

Knowledge of Emergency Medicine Residents in Relation to Prevention of Tetanus.

Introduction: Knowledge of emergency medicine residents about the management of patients suspected of having tetanus-favoring wounds is very important due to their responsibility for the treatment of such patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this knowledge and making sure of the adequacy of instructions they have received in relation to prevention of tetanus.

Methods: A reliable and reproducible questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge of all the emergency medicine residents in Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran, Iran, about conditions favoring tetanus (9 questions) and proper interventions in such conditions (12 questions).

The best time for EEG recording in febrile seizure.

Objective: Some studies suggest that detection of epileptic discharge is unusual during the first postictal week of febrile seizure and others believe that EEGs carried out on the day of the seizure are abnormal in as many as 88% of the patients. In this study, we intend to compare early and late EEG abnormalities in febrile seizure.

Materials & Methods: EEG was recorded during daytime sleep, 24-48 hours (early EEG) and 2 weeks (late EEG) after the seizure in 36 children with febrile seizure (FS), aged between 3 months and 6 years.

A comparative study of the sedative effect of oral midazolam and oral promethazine medication in lumbar puncture.

Objective: Lumbar puncture (LP) essentially is a painful and stressful procedure, however indicated for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. One way to reduce the anxiety is to administer an oral premedication. The aim of this study is to compare clinical effects of oral midazolam and oral promethazine in LP.

Results of double blind placebo controlled trial to assess the effect of vitamin B6 on managing of nausea and vomiting in pediatrics with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections are the most common childhood diseases. Despite the common use of vitamin B6 to control vomiting in children with gastroenteritis, no study has been performed in this field. This study aimed to assess the value of vitamin B6 in the prevention of vomiting in patients with mild to moderate gastroenteritis.

The demographics and outcome of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma admitted to emergency medicine department: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Background: This study was performed to determine the demographic and outcome of penetrating abdominal trauma in patients attending to emergency medicine department.

Materials And Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Imam Hossein Medical Center. Seventy five patients who came to our department with penetrating abdominal trauma during a 1 year period were enroled into this study and their demographic data and outcome (during the hospitalization) were recorded.

A headache misunderstood for a grief reaction: an unusual cerebral venous thrombosis presentation.

This is a report of a 24-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department (ED) at Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, Iran with a one-week history of headache and agitation following her father's death. Before presenting to our ED, a diagnosis of conversion reaction was suggested by three physicians in different outpatient clinics. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was confirmed in this case on the basis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV).

Residents' experiences in dealing with abuse in emergency department: a survey in Iran hospitals.

Background: Abuse in Emergency Department (ED) as a widespread phenomenon, has negative effects on ED residents. This issue pertains to Western as well as Asian countries.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess how Iranian ED residents deal with abuse.

Use of the sonographic diameter of optic nerve sheath to estimate intracranial pressure.

Background And Aims: An increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP) might aggravate patient outcomes by inducing neurologic injuries. In patients with increased ICP the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) increases due to its close association with the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of sonographic ONSD in estimating ICP of patients who are candidates for lumbar puncture (LP).