Background: The involvement of lateral habenula and the ineffective dose of morphine on reward-related learning and memory is less well-known. This study looked into the effects of electrical stimulation, GABA receptor blockade, and a combination of both with morphine on conditioned place preference.
Materials And Methods: In this experiment, male rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (six rats in each group).
Dendrosomal nanocurcumin (DNC) is fabricated from esterification of oleic acid and polyethylene glycol residues with curcumin. DNC has shown antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis-enhancing effects. In addition, it can attenuate morphine tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a part of brain reward system involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory. The mPFC receives strong dopaminergic innervations from ventral tegmental area (VTA) that comprises a portion of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MLDS), and sends glutamatergic projections to both the VTA and nucleus accumbens (NAc).
Materials And Methods: In this study, male Wister rats weighing 250-350 g were used.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized clinically by serious impairment in memory and cognition. Current medications only slow down the dementia progression and the present treatment one-drug one-target paradigm for anti-AD treatment appears to be clinically unsuccessful. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent studies have shown that addiction may be caused by abnormality of neurotransmission in the brain. Two neurotransmitters that involve into morphine addiction are dopamine and glutamate. The glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems are also involved in morphine tolerance and morphine withdrawal syndrome signs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective(s): Drug addiction is one of the fastest growing social problems that researchers, for many years, have been trying to find proper strategies for its prevention and treatment. Short-term physical activity is considered as acceptable for the treatment and prevention of addiction. On the other hand, prefrontal cortex is known to be responsible for many of the complex behavioral responses, especially those relevant to addiction and drug abuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe roles of gonadal hormones and nitric oxide on pain perception and their interaction have been widely investigated. In the present study the chronic effect of l-NAME (NOS inhibitor) on morphine-induced antinociception in male and female rats was investigated. Forty rats were divided into four groups: (1) female (2) female-LN (3) male (4) and male-LN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith an aim to investigate the effects of injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) and captopril into the nucleus accumbens (NAC) on morphine self-administration, male Wistar rats were first trained to receive small pellets of food by pressing the active lever in self-administration apparatus. The animals, divided into 4 groups (saline, morphine, captopril and Ang II) were placed in self-administration apparatus and were allowed to self-administer morphine (0.5 mg per infusion all test groups) or saline (saline group) during consecutive days, for 2 h/sessions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExercise can activate the same pathways as morphine. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of short-term and mid-term exercises on the self-administration of morphine in rats. Male Wistar rats were initially trained to receive small pellets of food by pressing the active lever in self-administration apparatus.
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