Identification of the pylorus from the intraluminal pH profile. Validation of the method by comparing it with transpyloric potential difference and pressure profile.

In contrast to the steady low intragastric pH, the pH in the proximal duodenum shows wide, rapid, and frequent fluctuations. This change in pH pattern may be used to localize the pylorus and thereby ensure reproducible measurements of duodenal pH at a known and reproducible distance from the pylorus. To validate this method of localizing the pylorus, simultaneous measurements were performed of the transpyloric pH and potential difference (PD) profile and of the pH and pressure profile in 10 normal subjects.

Surecut 0.6 mm liver biopsy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis.

Liver biopsy with the 0.6 mm (23 gauge) Surecut needle was compared to conventional Menghini biopsy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Seventy-seven consecutive patients (mainly alcoholics) with a clinical indication for liver biopsy had both biopsies performed simultaneously.

Gastric mucosal electrical potential difference, pH, blood flow, and morphology during hypoxia and selective gastric ischaemia with and without allopurinol pretreatment in anaesthetized dogs.

Ischaemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal disorders. The aim of this investigation was to study the gastric mucosal electrical potential difference (PD), pH, blood flow and morphology during hypoxia, gastric ischaemia, and gastric ischaemia following inhibition of free radical formation with allopurinol. PD and pH were measured simultaneously with an intragastric microelectrode, and the PD values were corrected for the liquid junction potentials created by the intragastric pH variation.

Reversibility of the effects on local circulation of high lipid concentrations in blood.

Regional perfusion and vascular resistance were examined in different tissues with the radioactive microsphere technique in Göttingen minipigs before, during and after treatment with Intralipid and heparin. This treatment led to an increase in the free fatty acid/albumin molar ratio from 0.39 +/- 0.

Diagnostic value of an abnormal smear in non-pregnant women. Evaluation of positive smear from the surface of the portio obtained by the cottonswab method or by the dry wooden Ayre spatula and the relevance of positive smear from the endocervix and/or from the surface of the portio.

During a 3-4 year period, 324 women with a positive smear were registered consecutively and prospectively and divided into two groups according to the design of the investigation. In one group the smear was taken with an Ayre spatula and in the other group with a cotton swab. The purpose of this investigation has been to make a comparison between the endocervical smear and the smear taken from the surface of the portio and at the same time between the samples taken with a dry wooden Ayre spatula and with a cotton swab.

The personality pattern of duodenal ulcer patients in relation to spontaneous ulcer healing and relapse.

One hundred consecutive out-patients with duodenal ulceration from a hospital and a gastroenterological clinic were tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). This was carried out in order to investigate whether neuroticism or other personality disorders were characteristics of duodenal ulcer patients, and whether the presence of such possible personality disorders might influence the prognosis of the disease. Neuroticism occurred in 53% of the patients, but only in 5% of controls (P less than 0.

Gastric potential difference and pH in ulcer patients and normal volunteers during Stroop's colour word conflict test.

Whether mental stress is important in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal disorders is not clearly established. This study investigated the relationship between sympathetic activation caused by the Stroop's colour word conflict test and gastric mucosal function, monitored by measuring the gastric mucosal electrical potential difference (PD). In 13 healthy volunteers and 12 duodenal ulcer patients gastric PD, pH, and heart rate were measured continuously during basal conditions, during mental stress evoked by the Stroop's colour word conflict test, and after return to basal conditions.

Gastric mucosal electrical potential difference and blood flow during high FFA/albumin ratios in anaesthetized Göttingen mini-pigs.

The gastric blood flow and the gastric mucosal potential difference (p.d.) was studied in anaesthetized Göttingen mini-pigs under normal conditions and during increased FFA/albumin ratios.

Epidural blood flow and regression of sensory analgesia during continuous postoperative epidural infusion of bupivacaine.

Epidural blood flow was measured in seven patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery during combined lumbar epidural and general anesthesia. After an initial dose of 20 ml plain bupivacaine 0.5%, a continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine 0.

The effect of i.v. indomethacin on the gastric mucosal electrical potential difference and blood flow in anaesthetized dogs.

Indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and causes gastric mucosal damage. The correlation between the gastric mucosal function and gastric blood flow was investigated. The intragastric liquid junction corrected potential difference (PD) across the stomach wall was used to characterize the gastric mucosal function.

Decomposition of wheat bran and ispaghula husk in the stomach and the small intestine of healthy men.

Decomposition of dietary fibers in the stomach and small bowel was studied in 13 healthy male volunteers. Liquid control meals were compared with test meals, which in addition contained a source of fiber (wheat bran or ispaghula husk) in random order. Aspirations were collected from the stomach, the proximal jejunum, the mid gut and the terminal ileum.

A new method for measurement of the electrical potential difference across the stomach wall. Clinical evaluation of the gastric mucosal integrity.

PD, the electrical potential difference across the gastric mucosa, is a variable used frequently in experimental studies. Existing methods for PD measurements are, however, unstable, and variations in the pH of the gastric juice causes liquid junction potentials between gastric juice and the PD measuring probe. A new PD measuring system has been developed with high stability, easy handling, and correction for the liquid junction potentials.

Chronic ischemic gastritis reversed after revascularization operation.

A patient with severe chronic gastritis and duodenitis that clinically and endoscopically disappeared after an intestinal revascularization procedure is reported. Chronic intestinal ischemia appears to be a cause of gastritis as seen in this patient.

Gastritis--a clinical entity?

Clinicians, endoscopists, and pathologists define gastritis in different ways. Pathoanatomical gastritis is very common and the prevalence increases with age. Patients submitted to routine endoscopy were interviewed before endoscopy and biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and body.

Effect of enterocoated cholestyramine on bowel habit after ileal resection: a double blind crossover study.

Ileal resection causes malabsorption of bile acid; the increased load of bile acids in the colon induces increased secretion of salt and water and hence diarrhoea. A study was carried out to test the effect of an enterocoated cholestyramine tablet designed to disintegrate in the colon and sequester the bile acids there, thereby minimising diarrhoea induced by bile acids while having no effect on malabsorption of bile acid and jejunal fat absorption. The study comprised 14 patients who had undergone ileal resection of 40-150 cm for Crohn's disease.

Effect of oat bran on lithogenic index of bile and bile acid metabolism.

Epidemiological studies lend support to the hypothesis that high-fibre diets might prevent and low-fibre diets might facilitate the formation of cholesterol gall stones. In the present study, the bile compositions after ingestion of oat bran 18 g/day and placebo 18 g/day for 2 X 2 weeks were compared in a randomized, double-blind cross-over study in 6 healthy volunteers. The lithogenic index of bile was not influenced, whereas the following changes (0.

Superficial eosinophilic squamous epithelial cells in vaginal smears from postmenopausal women.

19 500 vaginal smears from women aged 20-90 years were examined from August 1976 to November 1979. 3 000 were from women more than 55 years of age. 146 of these had smears with an increased proportion of superficial eosinophilic squamous epithelial cells (SESEC).

Bile acid metabolism after intestinal bypass operations.

Intestinal bypass operation for obesity results in substantial weight loss only if the small bowel segment left in function is 50 cm or less. The anatomical changes induce interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, which result in bile acid malabsorption. This review discusses the various aspects of the disturbed bile acid metabolism.