Acaricidal potential of active components derived from Alpinia galanga rhizome oils and their derivatives against Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae).

Acaricidal activities and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities were evaluated of active constituents of the essential oil extracted from Alpinia galanga rhizomes cultivated from India and their derivatives against Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs. In addition, the effect was investigated of active components of A. galanga oil on egg laying of adult females of H.

T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of share sequence homology.

Since its emergence in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading remarkably fast worldwide. Effective countermeasures require the rapid development of data and tools to monitor its spread and better understand immunogenic profile. However, limited information is available about the tools and target of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

Antimicrobial activities of leptospermone isolated from seeds and structure-activity relationships of its derivatives against foodborne bacteria.

This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activities of leptospermone isolated from and its derivatives against six foodborne bacteria (, , , , and ), with a view to developing safer antimicrobial agents. The essential oil of seeds possessed potent antimicrobial activity against six bacterial strains. The antimicrobial compound of was isolated by chromatographic analyses and identified as leptospermone.

Acaricidal target and mite indicator as color alteration using 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and its derivatives derived from Melissa officinalis leaves.

Toxicities and color deformation were evaluated of essential oils of Melissa officinalis cultivated in France, Ireland, and Serbia and their constituents, along with the control efficacy of spray formulations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) containing M.

Acaricidal toxicities and synergistic activities of Salvia lavandulifolia oil constituents against synanthropic mites.

Background: The acaricidal activity of Salvia lavandulifolia oil and its major components was evaluated using contact and vapor bioassays. Synergistic interactions among components contained in S. lavandulifolia oil were studied.

Toxicities of Eucalyptus dives Oil, 3-Carvomenthenone, and Its Analogues against Stored-Product Insects.

The insecticidal toxicities of essential oils and other active components extracted from Eucalyptus dives leaves (as well as structural analogues) were studied against stored-product insects, Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum. 3-Carvomenthenone was purified from E. dives oil, and the structures were elucidated by electron ionization mass spectra, H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), C-NMR, heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence, H-H correlation spectroscopy, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer NMR.

Combined toxicity of endosulfan and phenanthrene mixtures and induced molecular changes in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Individual and combined toxicities of endosulfan (ENDO) with phenanthrene (PHE) were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults. The 96-h LC values for ENDO and PHE were 4.6 μg L and 920 μg L, respectively.

Antimicrobial Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxy-6-Methoxycoumarin and 7-Hydroxy-6-Methoxycoumarin Analogues against Foodborne Pathogens and the Antimicrobial Mechanisms Associated with Membrane Permeability.

The antimicrobial effects of 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla bark and of their structural analogues were determined in an attempt to develop natural antimicrobial agents against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Listeria monocytogenes. To elucidate the relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity for the coumarin analogues, isolated constituents and their structural analogues were evaluated against foodborne pathogens. Based on the culture plate inhibition zones and MICs, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, containing a methoxy functional group on the coumarin skeleton, had the notable antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens.

Food Protective Effects of 3-Methylbenzaldehyde Derived from Myosotis arvensis and Its Analogues against Tyrophagus putrescentiae.

The potential abilities of 3-methylbenzaldehyde derived from Myosotis arvensis oil and its structural analogues to act as new acaricide and mite kit (mite color deformation) against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) were evaluated in the present study. Based on the LD values, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (0.78 μg/cm) had highest vapor action against T.

Insecticidal activities of their components derived from the essential oils of Cinnamomum sp. barks and against Ricania sp. (Homoptera: Ricaniidae), a newly recorded pest.

Background: Insecticidal activities of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum oils and their components are not known against Ricania sp. Insecticidal activities of major components derived from C. cassia and C.

Insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from Thymus vulgaris Lin. against Pochazia shantungensis Chou &Lu., newly recorded pest.

The insecticidal toxicities of five essential oils against Pochazia shantungensis adults and nymphs, newly recorded pests, were evaluated. The LC values of Thymus vulgaris, Ruta graveolens, Citrus aurantium, Leptospermum petersonii and Achillea millefolium oils were recorded as 57.48, 84.

In vitro and in vivo comparison of the immunotoxicity of single- and multi-layered graphene oxides with or without pluronic F-127.

Graphene oxide (GO) has been a focus of research in the fields of electronics, energy, and biomedicine, including drug delivery. Thus, single- and multi-layered GO (SLGO and MLGO) have been produced and investigated. However, little information on their toxicity and biocompatibility is available.

Acaricidal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against a Stored-Food Mite and Stored-Grain Insects.

Twenty plant-derived oils were evaluated for their acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Sitotroga cerealella, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults, by using the fumigant and filter paper diffusion methods. Responses varied with bioassay systems, insect or mite species, plant oils, and exposure time. Based on the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values against S.

Larvicidal activity of naturally occurring naphthalenedione and its structurally related analogs against three mosquito species.

The objective of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of an active compound isolated from Cercis chinensis heartwood and its structurally related analogs against 4th-stage Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens pallens, and Ae. togoi. The larvicidal compound of C.

SELDI-TOF MS-based discovery of a biomarker in Cucumis sativus seeds exposed to CuO nanoparticles.

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can inhibit plant seed germination and root elongation via the release of metal ions. In the present study, two acute phytotoxicity tests, seed germination and root elongation tests, were conducted on cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus) treated with bulk copper oxide (CuO) and CuO NPs. Two concentrations of bulk CuO and CuO NPs, 200 and 600ppm, were used to test the inhibition rate of root germination; both concentrations of bulk CuO weakly inhibited seed germination, whereas CuO NPs significantly inhibited germination, showing a low germination rate of 23.

Evaluation of benzaldehyde derivatives from Morinda officinalis as anti-mite agents with dual function as acaricide and mite indicator.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus with 12-30% fatality rate. Despite severity of the disease, any medication or treatment for SFTS has not developed yet. One approach to prevent SFTS spreading is to control the arthropod vector carrying SFTS virus.

Silver wire amplifies the signaling mechanism for IL-1beta production more than silver submicroparticles in human monocytic THP-1 cells.

Silver materials have been widely used in diverse fields. However, their toxicity and their mechanism, especially in different forms, have not been studied sufficiently. Thus, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) production were investigated using macrophage-like THP-1 cells in the presence of Ag microparticles (AgMPs, 2.

Acaricidal activity of constituents derived from peppermint oil against Tyrophagus putrescentiae.

The acaricidal activities of peppermint oil and menthol isomers against mites in stored food were evaluated using fumigant and contact bioassays and were compared with the activity of benzyl benzoate as a synthetic acaricide. Based on the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in the fumigant bioassay, menthol (0.96 μg/cm(2)) was approximately 12.

Active monoterpene ketones isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis with fumigant and contact action against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank).

The acaricidal activities of an active material derived from Rosmarinus officinalis oil and its relative monoterpene ketones were determined using fumigant and contact toxicity bioassays against Tyrophagus putrescentiae and were compared with that of a commercial acaricide (benzyl benzoate). The active component of R. officinalis oil, isolated by silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, was identified as camphor, based on various spectroscopic analyses.

Rod-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles are more toxic than sphere-shaped nanoparticles to murine macrophage cells.

Variable sizes of nanoparticles, ranging from nano to micro scale, are of toxicological interest. In the present study, the authors hypothesized that, in addition to the size, the shape of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles is a major factor that contributes to particle cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity to mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.

Biofunctional constituent isolated from Citrullus colocynthis fruits and structure-activity relationships of its analogues show acaricidal and insecticidal efficacy.

The acaricidal and insecticidal potential of the active constituent isolated from Citrullus colocynthis fruits and its structurally related analogues was evaluated by performing leaf disk, contact toxicity, and fumigant toxicity bioassays against Tetranychus urticae, Sitophilus oryzae, and Sitophilus zeamais adults. The active constituent of C. colocynthis fruits was isolated by chromatographic techniques and was identified as 4-methylquinoline on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.

Evaluation of the acaricidal toxicities of camphor and its structural analogues against house dust mites by the impregnated fabric disc method.

Background: The acaricidal activities of (±)-camphor structural analogues against house dust mites were evaluated using the impregnated fabric disc bioassay.

Results: The acaricidal effects of camphor and its structural analogues were evaluated against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.