Phase 1 study of safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intradermal DNA vaccine ASP2390 in adults allergic to house dust mites.

Background: House dust mite (HDM) allergies are prevalent, yet current treatments like allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and conventional allergen immunotherapy present limitations. The novel LAMP (lysosomal-associated membrane protein)-based DNA vaccine ASP2390 targets major HDM allergens, potentially shifting immune responses toward nonallergic pathways and minimizing the risk of atopy, with positive safety and efficacy signals in preclinical models.

Objective: We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of first-in-human intradermal ASP2390 in adults with HDM allergy.

Electrically Modulated Multilevel Optical Chirality in GdFeCo Thin Films.

This study introduces a simple approach to dynamically control multilevel optical ellipticity in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys by switching the spin orientation through Joule heating induced by electrical current, with the assistance of a low magnetic field of 3.5 mT. It is demonstrated that selecting specific compositions of Gd (FeCo) alloys, with magnetic compensation temperatures near or above room temperature, allows for significant manipulation of the circular dichroism (CD) effect.

Assessing Human Lung Pharmacokinetics Using Exhaled Breath Particles.

It remains challenging to quantify lung pharmacokinetics (PK) of a drug administered and targeted to act in the lung. Exhaled breath particles (PEx), which are generated when collapsed distal airways reopen during inhalation, offer a noninvasive way to access undiluted epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate whether PK data can be derived from PEx.

RLS-0071, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, significantly reduced inflammatory biomarkers in a randomised human evaluation of mechanisms and safety study.

Background: This study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study intended to establish the translatability of the RLS-0071 mechanisms of action from animal disease models to humans by inhibiting neutrophil-mediated inflammation at the tissue level and major inflammatory biomarkers. We hypothesised that RLS-0071 inhibits a temporary neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the lungs induced by inhalation of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy participants.

Methods: Participants were randomised to one of three arms to receive inhaled LPS followed by three doses of either low-dose (10 mg·kg) or high-dose (120 mg·kg loading dose followed by two doses of 40 mg·kg) RLS-0071 or placebo (saline) every 8 h.

Novel cathepsin C inhibitor, BI 1291583, intended for treatment of bronchiectasis: Phase I characterization in healthy volunteers.

Novel treatments are needed to reduce inflammation, improve symptoms, address exacerbations, and slow disease progression in bronchiectasis. Cathepsin C (CatC) inhibition promises to achieve this through reduction of neutrophil-derived serine protease (including neutrophil elastase [NE] and proteinase 3 [PR3]) activation. Here, we present the phase I characterization of the novel CatC inhibitor, BI 1291583.

Free-breathing 3D phase-resolved functional lung MRI vs breath-hold hyperpolarized Xe ventilation MRI in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy volunteers.

Objectives: 3D phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI offers evaluation of pulmonary ventilation without inhalation of contrast agent. This study seeks to compare ventilation maps obtained from 3D PREFUL MRI with a direct ventilation measurement derived from Xe MRI in both patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy volunteers.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with COPD and 12 healthy controls underwent free-breathing 3D PREFUL MRI and breath-hold Xe MRI at 1.

Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 downstream signaling and modulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells from patients with asthma.

Increased production of Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is linked to development and progression of asthma and allergy. PGD2 is rapidly degraded to its metabolites, which initiate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) migration and IL-5/IL-13 cytokine secretion in a PGD2 receptor 2 (DP2)-dependent manner. Blockade of DP2 has shown therapeutic benefit in subsets of asthma patients.

The preclinical and phase 1 development of the novel oral cathepsin C inhibitor BI 1291583.

https://bit.ly/47PZ8E5.

Feasibility, Repeatability, and Correlation to Lung Function of Phase-Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI-derived Pulmonary Artery Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements.

Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the pulmonary arteries (PA) is a marker of vascular stiffening. Currently, only phase-contrast (PC) MRI-based options exist to measure PA-PWV.

Purpose: To test feasibility, repeatability, and correlation to clinical data of Phase-Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI-based calculation of PA-PWV.

Alveolar membrane and capillary function in COVID-19 convalescents: insights from chest MRI.

Objectives: To investigate potential presence and resolution of longer-term pulmonary diffusion limitation and microvascular perfusion impairment in COVID-19 convalescents.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study was carried out between May 2020 and April 2023. COVID-19 convalescents repeatedly and age/sex-matched healthy controls once underwent MRI including hyperpolarized Xe MRI.

Quantifying Exhaled Particles in Healthy Humans During Various Respiratory Activities Under Realistic Conditions.

Quantitatively collecting and characterizing exhaled aerosols is vital for infection risk assessment, but the entire droplet size spectrum has often been neglected. We analyzed particle number and size distribution of healthy participants in various respiratory activities, considering inter-individual variability, and deployed a simplified far-field model to inform on infection risks. Participants repeated the same respiratory activities on two visits.

Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD.

Introduction: The selection of inhaler device is of critical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the interaction between a patient's inhalation profile and the aerosol characteristics of an inhaler can affect drug delivery and lung deposition. This study assessed the in vitro aerosol characteristics of inhaler devices approved for the treatment of COPD, including a soft mist inhaler (SMI), pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs).

Methods: High-speed video recording was used to visualize and measure aerosol velocity and spray duration for nine different inhalers (one SMI, three pMDIs, and five DPIs), each containing dual or triple fixed-dose combinations of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists and long-acting β-agonists, with or without an inhaled corticosteroid.

Exhaled breath particles as a novel tool to study lipid composition of epithelial lining fluid from the distal lung.

Background: Surfactant phospholipid (PL) composition plays an important role in lung diseases. We compared the PL composition of non-invasively collected exhaled breath particles (PEx) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum (ISP) at baseline and following endotoxin (LPS) challenges.

Methods: PEx and BAL were collected from ten healthy nonsmoking participants before and after segmental LPS challenge.

Compartment-specific Xe HyperCEST z spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of cucurbit[6]uril in spontaneously breathing rats.

Xe hyperpolarized gas chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) MRI has been suggested as molecular imaging modality but translation to in vivo imaging has been slow, likely due to difficulties of synthesizing suitable molecules. Cucurbit[6]uril-either in readily available non-functionalized or potentially in functionalized form-may, combined with Xe HyperCEST MRI, prove useful as a switchable Xe MR contrast agent but the likely differential properties of contrast generation in individual chemical compartments as well as the influence of Xe signal drifts encountered in vivo on HyperCEST MRI are unknown. Here, HyperCEST z spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging with compartment-specific analysis are performed in a total of 10 rats using cucurbit[6]uril injected i.

Increased breath naphthalene in children with asthma and wheeze of the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE).

Exhaled breath contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to be related to lung disease like asthma. Its collection is non-invasive, simple to perform and therefore an attractive method for the use even in young children. We analysed breath in children of the multicenter All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) to evaluate if 'breathomics' have the potential to phenotype patients with asthma and wheeze, and to identify extrinsic risk factors for underlying disease mechanisms.

In-plane reorientation induced single laser pulse magnetization reversal.

Single Pulse All Optical Switching represents the ability to reverse the magnetization of a nanostructure using a femtosecond single laser pulse without any applied field. Since the first switching experiments carried out on GdFeCo ferrimagnets, this phenomena has been only recently extended to a few other materials, MnRuGa alloys and Tb/Co multilayers with a very specific range of thickness and composition. Here, we demonstrate that single pulse switching can be obtained for a large range of rare earth-transition metal multilayers, making this phenomenon much more general.

Sodium Chloride versus Lactose as a Carrier for House Dust Mite Allergen in Allergen Chamber Studies: A Clinical Study to Assess Noninferiority.

Introduction: In the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber (ACC), a standardized, universal, good manufacturing practice-conforming technology using a spray dried solution of lactose (L) and allergen extract has been established. In this study, we investigated the noninferiority of hypertonic sodium chloride (S) versus L as a carrier for house dust mite (HDM) allergen to simplify manufacturing, reduce costs, and allow for wider use.

Methods: Using a participant-blinded, sham exposure-controlled, single-arm, sequential intervention study, we challenged adults with HDM allergic rhinitis five times in the ACC.

The effect of bradykinin 1 receptor antagonist BI 1026706 on pulmonary inflammation after segmental lipopolysaccharide challenge in healthy smokers.

Background: Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) signalling pathways may be involved in the inflammatory pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B1R signalling is induced by inflammatory stimuli or tissue injury and leads to activation and increased migration of pro-inflammatory cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lung challenge in man is an experimental method of exploring inflammation in the lung whereby interference in these pathways can help to assess pharmacologic interventions in COPD.

Ultrastructural analysis of the intracellular surfactant in lungs of healthy and ovalbumin sensitized and challenged rats.

In human and experimentally induced asthma, a dysfunction of the intra-alveolar-surface active agent (surfactant) has been demonstrated. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEII) synthesize, secrete and recycle surfactant. Prior to secretion, intracellular surfactant is stored in specific secretory organelles of AEII.

Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in humans after dermal, inhalation and oral uptake - A clinical study.

Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics in hen houses at poultry feeding farms was demonstrated by biomonitoring campaigns in the past. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetics of three uptake routes: dermal, oral and inhaled. In an open-label cross-over study, six healthy volunteers were exposed to single occupational relevant doses of enrofloxacin.

Optically induced ultrafast magnetization switching in ferromagnetic spin valves.

The discovery of spin-transfer torque (STT) enabled the control of the magnetization direction in magnetic devices in nanoseconds using an electrical current. Ultrashort optical pulses have also been used to manipulate the magnetization of ferrimagnets at picosecond timescales by bringing the system out of equilibrium. So far, these methods of magnetization manipulation have mostly been developed independently within the fields of spintronics and ultrafast magnetism.