Sublethal 6PPD-quinone exposure impairs swimming performance and aerobic metabolism in juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush).

6PPD-quinone, an environmental oxidation product of the rubber tire antioxidant 6PPD, has recently gained recognition as a chemical of concern. Frequently detected in road runoff and surface waters, studies have reported this compound to cause acute lethality in several salmonid species at extremely low concentrations, including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush; 24-h LC = 0.51 μg/L).

Agreement, reliability, feasibility, and acceptability of home-based telehealth versus face-to-face pediatric neuropsychological testing: A within-person crossover study.

Objective: It is unclear whether pediatric telehealth-delivered neuropsychology test results are comparable to those obtained face-to-face. This study reports results on (a) the agreement/reliability and (b) the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth neuropsychology testing in Australian children and adolescents.

Method: Using a quasiprospective repeated-measures A followed by B:B followed by A crossover design, participants (N = 36), children with neurofibromatosis type 1, autism, and from the general population underwent face-to-face and telehealth testing using a trained parent facilitator.

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of 6PPD-Quinone to Early Life Stage Lake Trout ().

-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a rubber-tire derivative which leaches into surface waters from roadway runoff, from tire particles and has been identified as a possible driver of urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon. Sensitivity to this toxicant is highly variable across fish species and life stages. With environmental concentrations meeting or exceeding toxicity thresholds in sensitive fishes, the potential for ecologically relevant effects is significant.

Simplified internal models in human control of complex objects.

Humans are skillful at manipulating objects that possess nonlinear underactuated dynamics, such as clothes or containers filled with liquids. Several studies suggested that humans implement a predictive model-based strategy to control such objects. However, these studies only considered unconstrained reaching without any object involved or, at most, linear mass-spring systems with relatively simple dynamics.

Frequency-domain patterns in foot-force line-of-action: an emergent property of standing balance control.

A recent line of work suggests that the net behavior of the foot-ground interaction force provides insight into quiet-standing-balance dynamics and control. Through human-subject experiments, Boehm et al. found that the relative variations of the center of pressure and force orientation emerge as a distinct pattern in the frequency domain, termed the "intersection-point (IP) height.

Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Linked to Municipal Water, Nebraska, USA, 2021.

In September 2021, eight campylobacteriosis cases were identified in a town in Nebraska, USA. We assessed potential exposures for a case-control analysis. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on Campylobacter isolates from patients' stool specimens.

Human foot force suggests different balance control between younger and older adults.

Aging can cause the decline of balance ability, which can lead to increased falls and decreased mobility. This work aimed to discern differences in balance control between healthy older and younger adults. Foot force data of 38 older and 65 younger participants (older and younger than 60 yr, respectively) were analyzed.

The role of efflux transporters in cytotoxicity and intracellular concentration of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon in human cell lines.

In this study, we investigated the role of two efflux transporters, p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in the cytotoxicity and intracellular accumulation of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its active metabolite, CPF-oxon (CPFO), in a human-derived liver cell line (HepG2) and kidney epithelial cell line (HK-2). The cytotoxicity to CPF and CPFO differed between cell lines where HK-2 had lower IC50 values which could be attributed to lower basal expression and inducibility of metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors in HK-2 cells. In HepG2 cells, co-exposure of CPF with a specific inhibitor of either P-gp or BCRP enhanced the cytotoxicity of CPF while co-exposure of CPFO with VRP enhanced the cytotoxicity of CPFO, suggesting the role of these transporters in the elimination CPF and CPFO.

Human foot force informs balance control strategies when standing on a narrow beam.

Despite the abundance of studies on the control of standing balance, insights about the roles of biomechanics and neural control have been limited. Previous work introduced an analysis combining the direction and orientation of foot-ground forces. The "intersection point" of the lines of actions of these forces exhibited a consistent pattern across healthy, young subjects when computed for different frequency components of the center of pressure signal.

Application of a new approach method to assess the hazard of complex legacy contaminated groundwater mixtures on fathead minnows in outdoor mesocosms.

Assessing the environmental risks of contaminated groundwater presents significant challenges due to its often-complex chemical composition and to dynamic processes affecting exposure of organisms in receiving surface waters. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of groundwater collected from a legacy contaminated industrial site, in fish under environmentally relevant conditions. A 21-day fish short-term reproduction assay was conducted in outdoor wetland mesocosms by exposing adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to graded concentrations of groundwater (1 %, 3 %, and 6 %).

Whole-body urea kinetics and functional roles of urea transporters and aquaporins in urea secretion into the rumen in sheep fed diets varying in crude protein content and corn grain processing method.

The objectives were to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and corn grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics and the functional roles of urea transporter-B (UT-B) and aquaporins (AQP) in serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea) in ovine ruminal epithelia. Thirty-two Rideau-Arcott ram lambs were blocked by bodyweight into groups of 4 and then randomly allocated within blocks to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Dietary factors were CP content (11% [LP] vs.

E-cigarette vapor extract alters human eosinophil gene expression in an effect mediated by propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine.

E-cigarette use has become widespread, and its effects on airway inflammation and disease are not fully delineated. E-cigarette vapor extract (EVE) profoundly affects neutrophil function. We hypothesized that EVE also alters eosinophil function and thus could impact allergic airway disease.

The EphA2 Receptor Regulates Invasiveness and Drug Sensitivity in Canine and Human Osteosarcoma Cells.

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer affecting both humans and dogs, often leading to pulmonary metastasis. Despite surgery and chemotherapy being the primary treatment modalities, survival rates remain low in both species, underscoring the urgent need for more efficacious therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates numerous biological and clinical similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma, making it an ideal choice for comparative oncological research that should benefit both species.

Characterization of Adverse Outcomes from Legacy-Contaminated Groundwater Exposure to Early Life Stages of Fathead Minnow.

Complex mixtures of chemicals present in groundwater at legacy-contaminated industrial sites can pose significant risks to adjacent surface waters. The combination of short-term molecular and chronic apical effect assessments is a promising approach to characterize the potential hazard of such complex mixtures. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the apical effects (survival, growth, development, and liver histopathology) after chronic exposure of early life stages (ELSs) of fathead minnows (FHM; Pimephales promelas) to contaminated groundwater from a legacy-contaminated pesticide manufacturing and packaging plant, and (2) identify possible molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects by comparing results to mechanistic outcomes previously determined by a short-term reduced transcriptome assay (EcoToxChips).

Linking pesticide exposure to neurodegenerative diseases: An in vitro investigation with human neuroblastoma cells.

Although many organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been banned or restricted because of their persistence and linkage to neurodegenerative diseases, there is evidence of continued human exposure. In contrast, registered herbicides are reported to have a moderate to low level of toxicity; however, there is little information regarding their toxicity to humans or their combined effects with OCPs. This study aimed to characterize the mechanism of toxicity of banned OCP insecticides (aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and lindane) and registered herbicides (trifluralin, triallate, and clopyralid) detected at a legacy contaminated pesticide manufacturing and packing site using SH-SY5Y cells.

Brownian processes in human motor control support descending neural velocity commands.

The motor neuroscience literature suggests that the central nervous system may encode some motor commands in terms of velocity. In this work, we tackle the question: what consequences would velocity commands produce at the behavioral level? Considering the ubiquitous presence of noise in the neuromusculoskeletal system, we predict that velocity commands affected by stationary noise would produce "random walks", also known as Brownian processes, in position. Brownian motions are distinctively characterized by a linearly growing variance and a power spectral density that declines in inverse proportion to frequency.

Investigating racial disparities in violence risk assessment using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3 (SARA-V3): Structured professional judgment ratings and recidivism among Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals.

Racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes are widely observed. In Canada, such disparities are particularly evident between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons. The role of formal risk assessment in contributing to such disparities remains a topic of interest to many, but critical analysis has almost exclusively focused on actuarial or statistical risk measures.

Herbicides and pesticides synergistically interact at low concentrations in complex mixtures.

Assessing a complex mixture of pesticides at the impacted sites has been challenging for risk assessors for 50 years. The default assumption is that at low concentrations, pesticides interact additively with one another; thus, the risk posed by each component of a complex mixture could be simply added up. The EPA interaction-based hazard index (HI) modifies this assumption using a binary weight-of-evidence (BINWOE).

Simulating Z_{2} lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer.

The utility of quantum computers for simulating lattice gauge theories is currently limited by the noisiness of the physical hardware. Various quantum error mitigation strategies exist to reduce the statistical and systematic uncertainties in quantum simulations via improved algorithms and analysis strategies. We perform quantum simulations of Z_{2} gauge theory with matter to study the efficacy and interplay of different error mitigation methods: readout error mitigation, randomized compiling, rescaling, and dynamical decoupling.

Distal supports, capabilities, and growth-focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care.

Adults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of "distal support" that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth-related recovery, and achieved capabilities.