[Therapeutic problems of pediatric tracheobronchial foreign bodies].

The report is based on 251 extractions of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies performed since 1968. Bronchoscopy for foreign bodies, particularly chronic ones, is a high risk procedure in small children and even more in infants and should be limited to a skilled bronchologist. Progress in paediatric anaesthesiology and paediatric intensive care as well as bronchological devices designed specially for children facilitate the task.

Cellular requirements of IgE-antibody regulation.

Regulation of IgE antibody response is T-cell dependent. It has been suggested that IL-4 (BSF-1) induces the expression of Fc epsilon RII on B-lymphocytes. Soluble molecules of the FC epsilon RII with various molecular weights represent IgE-binding factors which according to the current opinion either enhance or suppress the IgE-antibody response.

[Autologous transfusion of blood deep frozen in the interim in childhood].

In the report we describe a method of reducing the number of transfusions of heterologous blood in patients with a surgical correction of chest walls. In 71 children between 2 and 17 years of age, 10-15% of total blood volume were withdrawn 3-4 weeks before the operation, deep frozen and thawed at the appropriate time to be ready for retransfusion. This arrangement reduced the need of heterologous blood significantly from 18.

Antigen-gelonin conjugates. Preparation and application in experimental myasthenia gravis.

The antigen-specific immune suppression by gelonin-antigen conjugates was tested in two different systems: (i) the horseradish-peroxidase-stimulated T-cell proliferation in vitro and (ii) in vivo with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in the rat. For this, the phytotoxin gelonin, a glycoprotein from Gelonium multiflorum, was purified and linked to the respective antigens. For the in-vitro assay a lymph node cell suspension from rats immunized with horseradish peroxidase was cultured in the presence of this protein and proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine uptake.

Comparison of verapamil and bepridil in the therapy of familiar cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster.

The effect of bepridil compared to verapamil on the cardiomyopathic hamster (Strain Bio 8262) was evaluated. Bepridil (10 mg/kg) was injected twice daily for 15 and 30 days. Verapamil (10 mg/kg) was injected twice daily for 30 days.

Influence of thromboxane receptor-antagonists on the interaction of platelets with solid-phase immobilized human collagen.

The interaction of blood platelets with surfaces coated with human type I, III, IV, and V collagen (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV) has been studied. Using scanning electron microscopy it was demonstrated that the reactivity of the collagen substrates for platelets varies widely. In contrast to CV and CIV, on surfaces coated with CI and CIII, along with spreading, the formation of thrombi-like platelet aggregates occurs.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in adipose tissue of infants and toddlers: inventory and studies on their association with intake of mothers' milk.

Chlorinated hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined in adipose tissue from 34 infants, 14 children in the 2nd year of life, and 2 older children. The highest mean concentration detected during the first 2 years of life was for PCBs (0.67 ppm), followed by DDT (0.

Platelet prostanoids in interaction of platelets with collagen substrates. I. Activation of platelets by surfaces coated with different types of human collagen.

We have studied the interaction of human platelets with surfaces coated with human type I, III, IV, and V collagen (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV). It was established using scanning electron microscopy that the reactivity of the collagen substrates for platelets varies widely. On CV, only the initial attachment of platelets takes place; spreading actively goes on CIV while on CI and CIII, along with spreading, the formation of multilayer thrombi-like platelet aggregates occurs.

Clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of the Kaufman syndrome (hydrocolpos, hypospadias, polydactyly).

Three girls with the Kaufmann syndrome are reported. In these children the hydrocolpos was not caused by a vaginal atresia but by a stenosis of the vaginal introitus combined with female hypospadias. These children suffered from additional micrognathia.

[Results of lung perfusion and lung ventilation scintigraphy following surgery of diaphragmatic defects].

To elucidate the question whether congenital hernias of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic defects are often combined with primary hypoplasia of the pulmonary vascular bed, we performed lung scintigraphy in twenty children after operation of a diaphragmatic defect. We found in 66% of the cases persisting perfusion disorders of the operated side. However, this does not prove primary vascular hypoplasia, because a postoperative ventilation disorder with secondary perfusion disorder cannot be excluded.

[Special indications for the use of the Grüntzig balloon catheter in surgical problem cases].

The excellent experiences with the intravascular application of Grüntzig's double-lumen balloon catheter shows his potential use in thin-walled organs. We report our experiences with the dilatation of bile-duct stenoses (end-to-end anastomosis of the Ductus choledochus, sclerosis of the Papilla Vateri, intra- and extrahepatic fibrotic stenosis), stenosis of the esophagus after acid corrosion and stenosis of the ureter anastomosis after Anderson-Hynes operation. These results demonstrate, that in selected cases the balloon dilatation may be an alternative to surgical intervention.

[Experiences with caudal anaesthesias in paediatric surgery (author's transl)].

The results of more than hundred caudal anaesthesias in surgical paediatric urology in children aged one to twelve years are reported. Modifying the method of Schulte-Steinberg, we used Bupivacain - CO2 0.5%, and attained sufficient analgesia in all cases for whatever surgery applied.

Renal fluoride excretion: experimental evaluation of the role of extracellular volume status during intact and impaired kidney function.

The renal disease of inorganic fluoride was studied in 5/6-nephrectomized and kidney-intact rats in order to evaluate the influence of the extracellular fluid volume status on net tubular fluoride reabsorption. Loss of renal functional mass impaired the ability of the hydropenic uremic rat to excrete fluoride, although tubular reabsorption of fluoride was depressed. Fractional fluoride excretion was closely correlated to urinary flow rate in hydropenic rats; no influence of urinary pH from 5.

[Iron, iron-binding capacity, copper and protein in blood plasma and hemoglobin in the blood of sows before and during pregnancy].

Blood tests were applied to five gilts and twelve adult sows, prior to insemination as well as in the sixth, ninth, twelfth, and 15th weeks of pregnancy. Average haemoglobin values in both groups dropped from 14.0 g/100 ml or 11.

[Studies of iron level, Fe binding capacity, copper and protein in the blood plasma as well as hemoglobin in the blood of sows during the day].

The average iron level in the blood plasma of six gilts, weighting between 120 kg and 130 kg, was 103. 3 micrograms/100 ml, prior to early-morning feeding. The iron fixation capacity, measured at the time, was 673 micrograms/100 ml.

Influence of chelation therapy on acute lead intoxication in rats.

The intraperitoneal administration of Pb acetate (5 x 20 mg Pb/kg per day) evokes a moderate and transient hypochromic anemia, a long-lasting enhanced urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid whereas the urinary excretion of alkaline phosphatase is not affected and that of lactic dehydrogenase only marginally. It is concluded that neither the hematologic response nor the slight nephrotoxicity are responsible for the lethal action of Pb. Chelate treatment started 3 days after the last Pb dose and was continued over 7 weeks.