Preparing faculty for the future: AAVMC members' perceptions of professional development needs.

Our purpose in this study was to determine professional development needs of faculty in the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges' (AAVMC's) member institutions, including those needs associated with current and emerging issues and leadership development. The survey asked respondents to report their level of job satisfaction and their perceptions of professional development as they related to support and resources, teaching, research, career planning, and administration. Five hundred and sixty-five individuals from 49 member institutions responded to an online professional development needs survey.

Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of veterinary college deans: AAVMC survey of deans in 2010.

The purposes of this Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) study was to develop a profile of deans to understand the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that current deans of schools and colleges of veterinary medicine consider important to job success and to inform the association's leadership development initiatives. Forty-two deans responded to an online leadership program needs survey, which found that knowledge, skills, and abilities related to communication, finance and budget management, negotiation, conflict management, public relations, and fundraising were recommended as the most important areas for fulfilling a deanship. Most respondents speculated that the greatest challenges for their institutions will be in the areas of faculty recruitment and retention and financing veterinary education.

Survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and preservation of immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum under experimental conditions simulating pasteurization.

Objective: To determine whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis could survive in colostrum after pasteurization. Additionally, this study investigated the effect pasteurization had on IgG concentration in colostrum.

Animals: Colostrum samples were collected from cattle (beef and dairy) owned by the state of Ohio.

Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from colostrum and milk of subclinically infected cows.

Mycobacterial culture was performed on colostrum, milk, and feces from 126 clinically normal cows of a single herd with high prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection. Thirty-six (28.6%) cows were determined to be shedding the organism in the feces.

Surgical (cosmetic) dehorning in cattle.

Numerous methods have been developed through the ages to dehorn cattle. Some are clever and sophisticated; others are crude. Most methods can be used effectively and humanely, and with desirable cosmetic results.

Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from mononuclear cells in tissues, blood, and mammary glands of cows with advanced paratuberculosis.

Seven mature dairy cows from 6 herds were obtained with history, clinical signs of disease, and laboratory findings suggestive of advanced paratuberculosis. A surgically implanted collection chamber was used to obtain peripheral tissue fluid. Blood, mammary gland flush fluid, and collection chamber flush fluid (CCFF) samples were obtained 6 times over a 2-week period from each cow.

Digit amputation in cattle: 85 cases (1971-1990).

Medical records of 83 cattle, which had 1 or more digit amputations performed at Kansas State University and The Ohio State University veterinary hospitals between 1971 and 1990, were reviewed. Signalment, duration of lameness, prior treatment, digit involved, and pathologic condition were evaluated. Owners were contacted with regard to the animal's duration in the herd after amputation and reason for exiting the herd, level of production attained, and degree of lameness.

Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a calf.

Severe anemia was found in a 4-month-old heifer, which was admitted with a 1-day history of anorexia, signs of depression, and recumbency. A diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IHA) was made on the basis of a Coomb's titer of 1:128 and decreased resistance to osmotic stress, as determined by an RBC fragility test. Anaplasmosis and leptospirosis were ruled out as possible causes of the IHA.

Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle.

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate and compare risk factors for abomasal volvulus (AV) and left displaced abomasum (LDA) in cattle. Medical record abstracts were derived from 17 North American veterinary schools by the Veterinary Medical Data Program for all cattle admitted between Jan 1, 1977 and Dec 31, 1986, and for those with a diagnosis of AV or LDA. From a total of 108,956 individual cattle records, 1,036 cases of AV and 7,695 cases of LDA were identified, with a ratio of LDA to AV cases of 7.

The impact of federal drug regulations on food animal practice.

This article discusses some of the regulations governing the use of drugs in ruminants. Because drug disposition is so influenced by dose, duration, and disease status, it is difficult to publish specific withdrawal time information. A discussion of calculation of withdrawal times is included.

Prognostic value of surgical and postoperative findings in cattle with abomasal volvulus.

A prospective study evaluating the prognostic value of surgical and postoperative findings in 80 cattle with abomasal volvulus was performed. Surgical correction of abomasal volvulus was performed in all animals. After surgery, cattle were categorized into 3 groups: productive (acceptable milk production or appetite, n = 59), salvaged (poor milk production or appetite, n = 10), and nonsurvivors (n = 11).

Respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution in endotoxemic calves.

The respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) treatment were examined in 12 endotoxic, pentobarbital-anesthetized calves (8 to 20 days old). Escherichia coli endotoxin (055:B5) was infused IV at a rate of 0.1 microgram/kg of body weight over 30 minutes.

Hemodynamic response of endotoxemic calves to treatment with small-volume hypertonic saline solution.

The hemodynamic effects of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) resuscitation on endotoxic shock were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized calves (8 to 20 days old). Escherichia coli (055:B5) endotoxin was infused IV at dosage of 0.1 microgram/kg of body weight for 30 minutes.

Preoperative prognostic indicators in cattle with abomasal volvulus.

A prospective study evaluating preoperative prognostic indicators in 80 cattle with abomasal volvulus was done. Surgical correction of the abomasal volvulus was performed in all animals. After surgery, cattle were categorized into 3 groups: productive (acceptable milk production or appetite, n = 59), salvaged (poor milk production or appetite, n = 10), and nonsurvivors (n = 11).

Excision of neoplasms of the bovine lower eyelid by H-blepharoplasty.

Neoplasms of the lower eyelid in 14 cattle were treated by wide surgical excision and H-blepharoplasty. Healing was by first intention, and cosmetic results were satisfactory in all cases. Lid function was satisfactory in 12 cattle, and there was no evidence of recurrence after at least 6 months in 12 cattle.

Serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis by use of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A dot ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The assay was evaluated by testing sera from cattle that were determined, by bacteriologic culturing of feces, to be infected with M paratuberculosis and were suspected of having clinical disease. Further evaluation involved testing sera from cattle in which M paratuberculosis had not been isolated from feces on several attempts.

Jejunal mucosal lactase activity from birth to three weeks in conventionally raised calves fed an electrolyte solution on days 5, 6 and 7 instead of milk.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of withdrawal of lactose from the diet for 72 hours on lactase activity in the jejunal mucosa of conventionally raised calves. The descending portion of the duodenum of six Holstein calves less than 24 hours old was cannulated. The calves were fed milk except on days 5, 6 and 7 when they were given the same volume of an electrolyte solution.

Caudal epidural analgesia induced by xylazine administration in cows.

Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight diluted to a 5-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) or 5 ml of 0.

Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from washed bovine ova after in vitro exposure.

To establish whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis could be cultured from Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline solution (DPBSS) and to test 3 sampling methods, DPBSS supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum was inoculated with M paratuberculosis at concentrations of 10(4), 10(3), 10(2), 10(1), and 10(0) colony-forming units/ml. The inoculated media was sampled after mixing, after centrifugation, and after centrifugation and decontamination with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride.

Urinary indices of renal function in sheep with induced aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis.

Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis (AGNT) was induced in ewes by daily SC administration of gentamicin. Changes in urinary indices of renal function during the development of AGNT are reported. Measurements from timed, volume-measured urine samples were made on days 0, 7, and 8 and included creatinine clearance, total excretion (TE) rates of electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, P) and urine volume.

Enzymuria as an index of renal damage in sheep with induced aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis.

Acute nephrotoxicosis was induced in ewes by daily SC administration of gentamicin. Activity of 3 urine enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (AGS), and beta-glucuronidase (GRS), were measured during the development of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis. Measurements from timed, volume-measured urine samples were performed on days 0, 7, and 8.

Renal excretion of creatinine, electrolytes, protein, and enzymes in healthy sheep.

Urinary indices of renal function and damage were measured in 6 healthy, mature ewes over a 48-hour period. Endogenous creatinine clearance, total and fractional electrolyte excretion rates, protein excretion, urine volume, and urine gamma-glutamyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activities were measured. Significant variations in the excretion rates of creatinine, electrolytes, and protein were not found between intervals within the 48-hour urine collection period.