Virtual Reality Analgesia During Venipuncture in Pediatric Patients With Onco-Hematological Diseases.

Venipuncture is described by children as one of the most painful and frightening medical procedures. To evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) as a distraction technique to help control pain in children and adolescents undergoing venipuncture. Using a within-subjects design, fifteen patients (mean age 10.

The Incidence of Meningitis in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Undergoing External Ventricular Drain Placement: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Background/objective: Infection is the most common complication of external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. National trends in the annual incidence of meningitis among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have undergone EVD placement have not been reported.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to select adults with a primary diagnosis of TBI who underwent EVD placement between 2002 and 2011.

Virtual Reality Analgesia for Pediatric Dental Patients.

Dental procedures often elicit pain and fear in pediatric dental patients. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of immersive virtual reality as an attention distraction analgesia technique for pain management in children and adolescents undergoing painful dental procedures. Using a within-subjects design, five patients (mean age 13.

Neutrophils: New insights and open questions.

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacteria and fungi and help combat parasites and viruses. They are necessary for mammalian life, and their failure to recover after myeloablation is fatal. Neutrophils are short-lived, effective killing machines.

Hypernatremia is associated with poorer outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis.

Background: Hypernatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and has been correlated with increased mortality in single institution studies. We investigated this association using a large nationwide healthcare database.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of adults between 2002 and 2011 with a primary diagnosis of aSAH using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).

TLR Activation Alters Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation.

Early exposure to inflammatory signals may have a lasting impact on immune function. Present throughout embryogenesis, macrophages are key cells providing innate immune protection to the developing fetus and newborn. Here, we have used an established model of macrophage development to test how early inflammatory signals can impact cellular differentiation and function.

An International Delphi Survey for the Definition of New Classification Criteria for Familial Mediterranean Fever, Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency, TNF Receptor-associated Periodic Fever Syndromes, and Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndrome.

Objective: Provisional evidence-based classification criteria for hereditary periodic fever (HPF) have been recently developed. However, no consensus on how to combine clinical criteria, laboratory tests, and results of molecular analysis has been reached. The objective of this study is to understand which variables physicians consider important for the classification of patients with HPF.

An Early Investigation into Possible Alternatives to Stapled Hysterotomy in Open Fetal Surgery.

Purpose: We hypothesized that surgical energy could be used to create hysterotomies in open fetal surgery.

Study Design: Initial studies compared the LigaSure Impact and Harmonic ACE + 7 Shears in the efficiency of hysterotomy and thermal damage. Pregnant ewes at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 116 to 120 days (term = 145;  = 7) underwent hysterotomy using either device.

Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and In Vivo Exposure Therapy: A Preliminary Comparison of Treatment Efficacy in Small Animal Phobia.

This study aggregated data from three randomized control trials to explore the differential efficacy of three forms of exposure therapy, namely, in vivo (iVET), virtual reality (VRET), and augmented reality (ARET), in the treatment of small animal phobia. Additionally, baseline patient characteristics were used to detect subgroups of patients who showed a differential response to certain treatment modalities. Primary measures were distance covered, anxiety during the behavioral avoidance test (BAT), and overall fear of small animals.

The Nature of Trauma Pain and Its Association with Catastrophizing and Sleep.

Background: Nearly 2.8 million people are hospitalized in the USA annually for traumatic injuries, which include orthopedic and internal organ injuries. Early post-injury pain is predictive of poor outcomes, including inability to eventually return to work, and long-term psychological distress.

A retrospective comparison of sac and lobe morphology between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

There are few reliable morphologic indices to aid in the determination of an intracranial aneurysm's rupture risk. We sought to characterize morphological characteristics of aneurysm sacs and their lobes that are associated with ruptured status at time of initial evaluation with diagnostic angiography. These factors could be associated with an aneurysm's risk of rupturing.

Kids Nowadays Hear Better Than We Did: Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Youth, 1966-2010.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate factors associated with hearing impairment (HI) in adolescent youths during the period 1966-2010.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analyses of US sociodemographic, health, and audiometric data spanning 5 decades.

Methods: Subjects were youths aged 12 to 17 years who participated in the National Health Examination Survey (NHES Cycle 3, 1966-1970; n = 6,768) and youths aged 12 to 19 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994; n = 3,057) and NHANES (2005-2010; n = 4,374).

Virtual reality analgesia for burn joint flexibility: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled study to determine the effects of virtual reality (VR) distraction on pain and range of motion (ROM) in patients hospitalized for burn care during active physical therapy exercises.

Method: Thirty-nine participants aged 15 to 66 (M = 36) years with significant burn injuries (mean burn size = 14% TBSA) participated. Under therapist supervision, using a within-subjects design, participants performed unassisted active ROM exercises both with and without VR distraction in a randomized order.

Transient Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Brainstem Responses in Low-Risk Cohort of Newborn and One-Month-Old Infants: Assessment of Infant Auditory System Physiology in the Prenatal Alcohol in SIDS and Stillbirth Network Safe Passage Study.

Background: The Prenatal Alcohol and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Stillbirth Network, known as the "Safe Passage Study," enrolled approximately 12,000 pregnant women from the United States and South Africa and followed the development of their babies through pregnancy and the infant's first year of life to investigate the role of prenatal alcohol exposure in the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as stillbirth and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Purpose: Auditory system tests were included in the physiologic test battery used to study the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurophysiology and neurodevelopment, as well as potential causal relationships between neurodevelopmental disorders and SIDS and/or stillbirth. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe normative results when using the auditory test battery applied.

Academic Genealogy of Neurosurgery via Department Chair.

Background: An academic genealogy describes mentoring relationships in an academic discipline. In this study, we outline an academic genealogy of neurosurgery department chairs in the United States beginning with the founding members of the field.

Methods: The biographic information provided by the Society for Neurological Surgery provided the basis for our genealogy.

NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation in Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Liver Fibrosis in Mice.

The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in liver fibrosis (LF) development. However, the mechanisms involved in NLRP3-induced fibrosis are unclear. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can directly regulate their activation and contribute to LF.

Does Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Make a Neuropsychological Difference in Adults With Pain? A Rationale for a New Approach.

Cognitive impairment is common in patients with pain. While symptoms of pain are effectively treated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), the cognitive complaint is vastly ignored. Pain-induced cognitive dysfunction can be severe and is particularly apparent in working memory and attention.

Aspiration of sterile post-operative spinal fluid collections using low-dose computed tomography guidance.

Sterile postoperative seromas can develop after posterior spinal surgery and cause pain, weakness, and numbness. Management typically involves operative evacuation. We propose that these collections can be managed with percutaneous computed tomography (CT) guided aspiration, potentially saving the patient an additional surgery.

Minimally Invasive Decompression and Physiotherapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Geriatric Patients.

Background Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common indication for spine surgery among the geriatric population. Although decompressive surgery is effective, older patients do not benefit as much as younger patients, and they are frequently excluded from studies assessing postoperative physiotherapy. We sought to evaluate the long-term outcomes after surgery when a novel postoperative physiotherapy regimen was included.

In silico validation of the Autoinflammatory Disease Damage Index.

Introduction: Autoinflammatory diseases can cause irreversible tissue damage due to systemic inflammation. Recently, the Autoinflammatory Disease Damage Index (ADDI) was developed. The ADDI is the first instrument to quantify damage in familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, mevalonate kinase deficiency and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome.

Deterioration rates in Virtual Reality Therapy: An individual patient data level meta-analysis.

Ample evidence supports the use of Virtual Reality (VR) for anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, currently there is no evidence about moderators or potential negative effects of VR treatment strategies. An Individual Patient Data (IPD) approach was employed with 15 retrieved datasets.

Hearing Disability Prevalence and Risk Factors in Two Recent National Surveys.

Introduction: Hearing loss is a worldwide societal and public health concern. Globally, disabling hearing loss affects 538 million adults (men, 12.2%; women, 9.

Effect of Hypernatremia on Outcomes After severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample analysis.

Objective: Induced hypernatremia is frequently used to reduce intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This technique is controversial, and some studies have independently associated hypernatremia with worse outcomes after TBI. We sought to investigate this potential association in a large healthcare database.