Guillain-Barré syndrome due to hypophosphatemia following intravenous hyperalimentation.

This case report documents the additive effects of pregnancy, hyperemesis, cholecystitis, and intravenous nutrition in causing profound hypophosphatemia. This led to severe reversible neurological sequelae for the mother and fetal demise. The etiology of hypophosphatemia and management are discussed.

The effects of age on outcome after coronary bypass surgery.

To study the effects of increasing age on outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 684 patients who underwent CABG from 1980 to 1985 were entered into a noncurrent prospective study. Patients were matched by date of operation and placed into three groups according to age: (1) 70 and older, (2) 55 to 69, or (3) less than 55. In addition to intraoperative and postoperative data collected on all patients, follow-up was obtained on 97% of the patients at a mean of 30 +/- 16 months.

Lesion-induced transneuronal plasticity in the adult rat hippocampus.

The process of reactive synaptogenesis has been demonstrated in several areas of the central nervous system, including the hippocampal dentate gyrus. After a complete unilateral entorhinal lesion, approximately 85% of the input to the outer two-thirds of the ipsilateral dentate molecular layer is lost. Bilateral fluctuations in synaptic density within non-denervated zones of the dentate molecular layer predict further alterations in neural circuitry at sites located transneuronally to the denervated dentate granule cells.

Technical aspects of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in abdominal carcinomatosis.

Between November 1983 and July 1985, 41 patients with abdominal carcinomatosis had peritoneal catheters surgically implanted for the purpose of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Peritoneal fluid distribution was documented by computerized tomography examination prior to chemotherapy and was correlated with the surgical procedure performed and the pathological findings. In this series, peritoneal fluid distribution appeared to be an important prognostic factor in determining tumor response.

Altered regulation of lesion-induced synaptogenesis by adrenalectomy and corticosterone in young adult rats.

Quantitative electron microscopy was used to examine the effect of circulating glucocorticoids on the removal of degenerating synapses and the replacement of lost synaptic contacts in young adult rats that follow partial denervation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Subjects were adrenalectomized prior to subcutaneous implantation of pellets containing a specified concentration of corticosterone and subsequent unilateral ablation of the entorhinal cortex. Animals maintained at high circulating concentrations of glucocorticoids were significantly retarded in the early phase of degenerating synapse removal and in the rate of synaptic replacement.

Major stroke after coronary artery bypass surgery: changing magnitude of the problem.

Between January 1974 and December 1984, 3816 patients underwent isolated CABG at this hospital. During this 11-year interval, the number of patients having operation annually as well as the mean age at operation of the patients have increased significantly. The increase in the mean age from 51.

Bispyridinamines: a new class of topical antimicrobial agents as inhibitors of dental plaque.

A series of N,N'-polyalkylenebis[4-(substituted-amino)pyridines] has been prepared, and members have been evaluated as potential anti-dental plaque agents. From among the most active members of the series, one compound, N,N'-[1,10-decanediyldi-1(4H)-pyridinyl-4-ylidene]bis(1-octanam ine) dihydrochloride, octenidine, was selected as a candidate for clinical study.

Ultrastructural localization of phenothiazines and tetracycline: a new histochemical approach.

To provide high resolution information on the subcellular localization of the phenothiazines and tetracycline, we have developed a new histochemical method that circumvents the difficulties inherent in classical electron microscopic tissue preparatory procedures. Specific and reliable localizations of these drugs were accomplished by their rapid precipitation with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at pH 7. A cell suspension of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was incubated with a given drug (2.

Synapse repair in the hippocampus: the effects of aging.

Synapse replacement following injury is delayed in aged animals, but once underway it proceeds at the same rate as in younger animals. Thus, aged animals have a similar capacity to support synapse formation but appear incapable of initiating it as rapidly. A unilateral lesion results in the loss and return of normal synaptic density not only in denervated zones but also in nondenervated zones of the hippocampus [17, 19].

Perforated postsynaptic densities: probable intermediates in synapse turnover.

The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of normal rats shows a large incidence of perforated postsynaptic densities (PSDs). The perforations or discontinuities occur almost exclusively in PSDs located in spines showing a U- or W-shaped junctional profile (complex PSDs). Perforated PSDs account for 16-25% of the total complex PSD profiles in young adult rats and 12-29% of those in aged animals.

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. VI. Freida Fromm-Reichmann, the early years.

As other panelists have indicated, Frieda Reichmann was born on October 23, 1889, in the German town of Karlsruhe, which lies just north of the Black Forest and only a few miles east of the Rhine. Her parents' circumstances were modest but, as they would have said, "gut bürgerlich," solidly rooted in middle-class respectability. On her fathers' side, the family traced its origins back to the 16th century, when all Jews were expelled from a small town in central Germany called Feuchtwanger.

Lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of aged rats: II. Demonstration of an impaired degeneration clearing response.

Previously we reported that a delayed onset in the reinnervation of the outer two-thirds of the dentate molecular layer occurred in aged rats after an entorhinal lesion. Several factors associated with formation of new synaptic contacts and removal of degenerative debris may affect the reinnervation process. In this study the appearance and removal of degeneration was analyzed and evaluated with respect to the delayed reinnervation process in aged rats.

Lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of aged rats: I. Loss and reacquisition of normal synaptic density.

Quantitative electron microscopy was used to examine the ability of aged (2-year-old) and young adult (90-day-old) rats to replace those synapses lost (85-90%) in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus after a complete unilateral lesion of the entorhinal cortex. In aged rats the synaptic density is significantly lower than that of young adults at 10 days postlesion. Synaptic replacement begins between 2 and 4 days postlesion in young adults, whereas there is a delay until after 10 days postlesion in aged rats.

A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis: II. The effect of aging on synaptic turnover in non-denervated zones.

Partial denervation of the dentate molecular layer causes sprouting and reinnervation by undamaged afferents within the denervated zones of young adult animals and to a lesser extent in aged animals. We have previously reported a non-degenerative remodeling of the dentate molecular layer in areas outside the primary denervated zone of young adult rats after a unilateral entorhinal lesion. In this study, we evaluate the response of aged rats under the same conditions, to see if aged animals also respond to injury in non-denervated zones.

A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis: I. Synaptic turnover in non-denervated zones of the dentate gyrus in young adult rats.

It is well established that partial denervation causes the formation of new synapses within denervated areas. It is also possible that synapse formation and remodeling occurs outside denervated zones. In this study we evaluate this possibility by examining the effect of a unilateral entorhinal lesion on the number and characteristics of synapses in non-denervated zones of the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation.

Early development of aggression in chickens: The relative importance of pecking and leaping.

A longitudinal study (employing a multiple separation technique) of chicks' social behavior over the first postnatal month indicated systematic changes in their mode of physical interactions. During the first week or so, intersubject pecking in same-sex pairs was frequent, and was more likely in birds with a home cage advantage (i.e.

The depot administration of penicillin G and gentamicin in acrylic bone cement.

The in vitro elution of penicillin and gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Penicillin eluted poorly from Simplex P. Higher levels of penicillin eluted in sustained fashion from Palacos; concentrations of one microgram or more per gram of cement were recorded during the thirteen weeks of observation.

The mechanism of lincomycin-induced diarrhoea.

Metabolic studies were performed before and seven days after treating rats orally with lincomycin. Following the treatment the mean faecal weight increased from 302.2 g/72 hr +/- 3.

Radiographic evaluation of patency of interposition mesocaval shunts.

The technique of side-to-side mesocaval anastomosis with the interposition of a prosthetic graft was described in 1970. We report the result of venographic evaluation of patency of this type of shunt in our patients. Demonstration of an unoccluded graft; resistance to retrograde injection of dye against the blood stream into the superior mesenteric vein; rapid clearing of dye from superior mesenteric vein following injection and "lamellar flow defect" in the vena cava above the site of anastomosis during vena cavogram, were considered criteria of patency of the interposition mesocaval shunt.