The deleterious or beneficial effects of different agents in intracerebral hemorrhage: think big, think small, or is hematoma size important?

Background And Purpose: Thrombin, heme oxygenase, complement, microglia activation, and leukocyte infiltration are all actively upregulated in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Experimental evidence suggests that all these factors are involved in ICH-induced brain injury. This suggests a scenario whereby ICH actively (through gene and protein upregulation) induces pathways that result in brain injury.

Interplanetary crew doses and dose equivalents: variations among different bone marrow and skin sites.

Previously, calculations of bone marrow dose from the large solar particle event (SPE) of July 2000 were carried out using the BRYNTRN space radiation transport code and the computerized anatomical man (CAM) model. Results indicated that the dose for a bone marrow site in the mid-thigh might be twice as large as the dose for a site in the pelvis. These large variations may be significant for space radiation protection purposes, which traditionally use an average of many (typically 33) sites throughout the body.

Regulatory effects of FGF-2 on the growth of mandibular condyles and femoral heads from newborn rats.

The secondary cartilage of the mandibular condyle is considered to be adaptive to functional factors. In the last decades, growth factors have also been shown to be potent regulators of cartilage metabolism. Moreover, it has been suggested that growth factors may differentially regulate the growth of primary and secondary cartilages.

Coronary artery calcium in HIV-infected men treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Calcium is a common component of an atherosclerotic plaque; therefore, the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) indicates atherosclerosis. This study investigated the difference in total CAC scores between HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV-negative age-matched controls. HIV patients were 27 men treated with a protease inhibitor-containing HAART regimen for more than 1 year (M = 4.

Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players.

Background: Improved oxygen uptake improves soccer performance as regards distance covered, involvements with the ball, and number of sprints. Large improvements in oxygen uptake have been shown using interval running. A similar physiological load arising from interval running could be obtained using the soccer ball in training.

Interplanetary crew dose estimates for worst case solar particle events based on historical data for the Carrington flare of 1859.

Over the past two decades, hypothetical models of "worst-case" solar particle event (SPE) spectra have been proposed in order to place an upper bound on radiation doses to critical body organs of interplanetary crews on deep space missions. These event spectra are usually formulated using hypothetical extrapolations of space measurements for previous large events. Here we take a different approach.

Dynamic protein expression patterns during intraoral wound healing in the rat.

Wound healing after cleft palate surgery is often associated with impairment of maxillary growth and dento-alveolar development. Wound contraction and scar tissue formation contribute strongly to these effects. In vitro studies have revealed that fibroblasts isolated during different phases of palatal wound healing show phenotypical differences.

Oxidative DNA injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

Our previous studies have demonstrated that DNA injury occurs in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). DNA damage can result from at least two pathways, either endonuclease-mediated DNA fragmentation or oxidative injury. The present study investigated the occurrence of the latter after ICH and the role of iron in such injury.

Growth regulation of the rat mandibular condyle and femoral head by transforming growth factor-{beta}1, fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-I.

The mandibular condyle is a major growth site and is known to adapt to functional factors. Numerous studies have been performed on the effects of growth factors on the metabolism of primary cartilages, but only a few investigations have examined their action on primary and secondary cartilages. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) on the growth of secondary cartilage from the mandibular condyle and primary cartilage from the femoral head of new-born rats.

[The opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome].

The opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) was diagnosed in nine patients, two men and seven women, varying in age from 34 to 65 years. In two cases the findings indicated a post-infectious form, in three cases there was a malignancy, in one case there was a connection with the use of medication and in three cases the cause was unknown. OMS is a rare neurological disorder with symptoms of rapid, involuntary saccadic eye movements (opsoclonus) and sudden involuntary muscle contractions (myoclonus).

Pregnancies and deliveries in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect of maternal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) on pregnancy and delivery.

Methods: Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway 1967 to 2002 were surveyed. This registry has compulsory notification of all births.

Zymographic techniques for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.

The balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), is largely responsible for the remodeling of tissues. Deregulation of this balance is a characteristic of extensive tissue degradation in certain degenerative diseases. To analyze the role of MMPs and TIMPs in tissue remodeling under normal and pathological conditions, it is important to have reliable detection methods.

Haemodynamic changes during halothane, sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia in dogs before and after the induction of severe heart failure.

Background And Objective: The effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on the failing myocardium are still uncertain. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane, desflurane and halothane in dogs with pacing induced chronic heart failure.

Methods: Global (left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, Konigsbergtransducer) and regional myocardial function (systolic segment length shortening, ultrasonic crystals) were measured in chronically instrumented dogs with tachycardia induced severe congestive heart failure.

Holo-transferrin and thrombin can interact to cause brain damage.

Background And Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that delayed release of hemoglobin degradation products, particularly iron, is involved in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury. However, a recent study found evidence of iron-induced brain injury soon after ICH. This study, therefore, examined whether another iron-containing component of blood, holo-transferrin (holo-Tf), might also induce brain injury either alone or in combination with thrombin, another factor involved in early ICH-induced brain injury.

Fluorine-18 radiolabeling of low-density lipoproteins: a potential approach for characterization and differentiation of metabolism of native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins in vivo.

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is regarded as a crucial event in atherogenesis. Assessing the metabolic fate of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in vivo with radiotracer techniques is hindered by the lack of suitable sensitive and specific radiolabeling methods. We evaluated an improved methodology based on the radiolabeling of native LDL (nLDL) and oxLDL with the positron emitter fluorine-18 ((18)F) by conjugation with N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB).

Functional imaging of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Brain imaging techniques have provided substantial insight into the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Magnetic resonance imaging gave hint to the fact that there is an increased deposition of manganese especially in the basal ganglia. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) showed that the preference of the basal ganglia might be due to differences in regional cerebral blood flow and an additional redistribution of blood flow from the cortex to subcortical regions in cirrhotics.

Adjacent segment disease after lumbar or lumbosacral fusion: review of the literature.

Study Design: Review of the literature.

Objectives: Review the definition, etiology, incidence, and risk factors associated with as well as potential treatment options.

Summary Of Background Data: The development of pathology at the mobile segment next to a lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion has been termed adjacent segment disease.

Molecular characterization of conditionally immortalized cell lines derived from mouse early embryonic inner ear.

Inner ear sensory hair cells (HCs), supporting cells (SCs), and sensory neurons (SNs) are hypothesized to develop from common progenitors in the early embryonic otocyst. Because little is known about the molecular signals that control this lineage specification, we derived a model system of early otic development: conditionally immortalized otocyst (IMO) cell lines from the embryonic day 9.5 Immortomouse.

Histopathologic verification of acute leukemia (AL) in a cohort of 463 post-Chernobyl patients from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

Seven morphologists examined 382 slide and 82 non-slide, post-Chernobyl pediatric acute leukemia (AL) cases in radiation-exposed areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; part of a case-control study by the International Consortium for Research on the Health Effects of Radiation. Among the slide cases, 99% were confirmed as AL: 92% acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and 86% acute myeloid leukemia (AMD demonstrating the utility of FAB classification for distinguishing ALL and AML. Among the non-slide cases, 79% were confirmed as AL: 84% ALL, and 71% AML.

Intracerebral hemorrhage: effects of aging on brain edema and neurological deficits.

Background And Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is mostly a disease of the elderly, but most current experimental ICH models have used young animals. Age is an important factor in other forms of brain injury, affecting microglia and astrocyte reactions and plasticity. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of aging on brain injury after ICH.

Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi for identification of phenotypic mutants.

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the leading vector-borne illness in the United States. Many of the genetic factors affecting spirochete morphology and physiology are unknown due to the limited genetic tools available and the large number of open reading frames with unknown functions. By adapting a mariner transposon to function in B.

Histologic evaluation of skin-derived and collagen-based substrates implanted in palatal wounds.

Tissue shortage complicates the surgery of cleft lip and palate anomalies and the healing of defects on the palate impairs growth of the dento-alveolar complex due to scar tissue formation. Implantation of substitutes into the wound area might overcome this adverse effect. The aim of this study was to compare the tissue response to three collagen-based (collagen type I substrate alone, or collagen coated with elastin or chondroitin-6-sulfate) and two skin-derived substrates (unprocessed dermis and AlloDerm) after implantation into 12 dogs.

An accurate method for correction of head movement in PET.

A method is presented to correct positron emission tomography (PET) data for head motion during data acquisition. The method is based on simultaneous acquisition of PET data in list mode and monitoring of the patient's head movements with a motion tracking system. According to the measured head motion, the line of response (LOR) of each single detected PET event is spatially transformed, resulting in a spatially fully corrected data set.