Current diet and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study including different sets of traditionally chosen control groups.

High intake of fat and a low intake of foods rich in antioxidants and fibre are suggested to be associated with risk of colorectal adenomas. Inconsistency may, however, be due to dietary assessment problems or differences in the identification of cases and controls. We have compared 87 adenoma cases aged 50-76 years with 35 healthy controls and 35 'hospital' controls.

Modulation of endotoxin-stimulated TNF-alpha gene expression by ketamine and propofol in cultured human whole blood.

Aim: Anesthetic agents have direct and indirect effects on immunocompetent cells but the molecular mechanisms of direct interactions are largely unknown. Therefore, the effect of propofol and ketamine on TNF-alpha gene expression was studied in cultured blood from healthy volunteers.

Methods: TNF-alpha was measured in blood cultured in the absence or presence of propofol or ketamine after stimulation with E.

Smoking, folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase status as interactive determinants of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps of colorectum.

Most studies demonstrate increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas in folate-deficient subjects or that high folate intake may afford some protection. Smoking increases such risk in some but not all studies. We investigated whether smoking, folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype predict the risk of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps of colorectum.

The effect of attending a flexible sigmoidoscopic screening program on the prevalence of colorectal adenomas at 13-year follow-up.

Objectives: Understanding the epidemiology of colorectal adenomas is a prerequisite for designing follow-up programs after polypectomy. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of polypectomy on the long-term prevalence of adenomas.

Methods: In 1983, a total of 799 men and women aged 50-59 yr were drawn from the general population register.

Do undesirable effects of screening affect all-cause mortality in flexible sigmoidoscopy programmes? Experience from the Telemark Polyp Study 1983-1996.

There is substantial evidence for the beneficial effect of screening programmes aimed at reducing mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). The effect on all-cause mortality, however, may not necessarily be beneficial. In the present study we used the follow-up results 13 years after a flexible sigmoidoscopy screening to evaluate the long-term effects of informing participants about findings at flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening.

Patient tolerance of colonoscopy without sedation during screening examination for colorectal polyps.

Background: The administration of sedative drugs at colonoscopy has its drawbacks such as increases in the rate of complications and cost. Our aim was to study how individuals, drawn from a population registry and invited to undergo screening colonoscopy for colorectal polyps, experienced the procedure without conscious sedation.

Methods: Four hundred fifty-one individuals underwent the screening examination (median age 67 years, range 63 to 72).

Recurrence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection evaluated by mailed samples obtained at home: 24 weeks' prospective follow up study.

Objectives: To evaluate the rate of recurrence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection after antibiotic therapy in a population of patients drawn from general practice, and to evaluate whether retesting after antibiotic therapy was advisable and, if so, whether it could be based on a strategy involving samples obtained at home and mailed to the laboratory for analysis.

Methods: Prospective follow up study of 42 patients with genital C trachomatis infection drawn from general practice. Patients at or above the age of 18, with a positive urogenital swab sample obtained by a general practitioner were invited to participate.

Smoking and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study.

A positive association between tobacco and colorectal adenomas has been suggested. Smoking is, however, also associated with 'poor' dietary habits, which in turn may be related to risk of adenomas. It is therefore of interest to study the relationship between smoking, diet and risk of colorectal adenomas in follow-up studies.

Potential of a simple mechanical extraction system for the rapid extraction of pesticides from foodstuffs. Application to the determination of organochlorine pesticides in lettuce.

The efficiency of a simple mechanical extraction system as applied in veterinary drug analysis has been tested in the field of pesticide residue analysis. As a first application, the system was used for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides from vegetables. The convenience of this simple extraction system consists of performing mechanical extraction in disposable polyethylene-based extraction bags, reducing considerably manual operation and cross-contamination.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy as a screening modality for colorectal adenomas in older age groups? Findings in a cohort of the normal population aged 63-72 years.

Background: Most cases of colorectal cancer originate from adenomas. Removing adenomas has been shown to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The design of cost effective endoscopic screening programmes requires a knowledge of the distribution of adenomas in different age groups.

Tuberculosis screening in Kansas City homeless shelters.

Voluntary tuberculin skin testing, coupled with on-site radiographic examination of persons with indurations > or = 10 mm, was conducted in five home-less shelters in Kansas City. Of 856 skin tests administered, 654 were read and 89 (13.6%) were positive.

Companion animal issues and the physician.

Background: The companion animal population in the United States is both large in numbers and diverse in composition. Nearly 60% of households have one or more animals. Associated with this large and diverse group of animals are considerable risks for injuries and transmission of infections to humans.

Trace analysis of pesticides by gas chromatography.

The analysis of pesticides is relevant to both food quality and the environment. Many laboratories are occupied with the analysis of pesticides in food, water or soil. Capillary gas chromatography is the technique most widely used in pesticide analysis.

Population-based surveillance by colonoscopy: effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Telemark Polyp Study I.

Background: Most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) develop from adenomas. Polypectomy is believed to reduce the incidence of CRC, but this effect has never been explored in prospective controlled studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of polypectomy on colorectal cancer incidence in a population-based screening program.

HIV surveillance: a dynamic, not static, process to assure accurate local data.

Background And Objectives: Accurate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance data is critical for the allocation of resources for care services and community prevention planning efforts.

Goal Of This Study: To validate HIV status of women and assess risk factor information on all persons reported with either heterosexual transmission or no identifiable risk factor.

Study Design: The surveillance database is updated continually as additional information is received on all cases allowing continual monitoring of pregnant and nonpregnant women.

The psychologic effect of attending a screening program for colorectal polyps.

Background: Participation in screening programs for malignant disease may have negative psychologic health effects that could outweigh the beneficial effects of the screening itself. The present study was designed to investigate the psychologic effect of attending a screening program for detection and removal of colorectal adenomas, which are precursors to colorectal cancer.

Method: In 1983 a prospective.

Salmonella outbreaks in the Kansas City metropolitan area: varying presentations.

Four outbreaks of Salmonella in the Kansas City metropolitan area between 1996 and 1998 are used to illustrate changes in the epidemiology of foodborne diseases and recognition by public health authorities. Physicians are the critical link in the recognition of foodborne outbreaks, and that linkage is tied directly to their index of suspicion and the appropriate collection and testing of specimens from their patients, as well as notification of the local health department.

Effect of intravenous anesthetics on spontaneous and endotoxin-stimulated cytokine response in cultured human whole blood.

Background: Various anesthetics have been suggested to interfere with the immune system. The ability of leukocytes to express surface receptors and mediators is fundamental to a successful host defense. Therefore, the effects of intravenous anesthetics on cytokine release by leukocytes and expression of surface molecules known to modulate this response were determined.

[Integration of preventive medicine in an emergency department. A pedagogic model for improvement of communication].

At the Medical Department, Telemark Central Hospital, a project has been going on for five years now to evaluate consultations in lifestyle groups in preference to individual consultations for persons with dyslipidemia. 363 persons were recruited to participate in a series of 5 group consultations at intervals of 3 months, each session to last for 2 hours. Altogether 1469 consultations were of this type.

[Long-term result of a life style intervention group program].

156 former participants in a lifestyle modification programme for persons with coronary heart disease, or at high risk of developing this disease, were invited to a follow-up examination. The aim was to evaluate the long-term effect of a lifestyle intervention programme. Median time since completion of the programme was 3 years.

Determination of organochlorine compounds in fatty matrices. Application of rapid off-line normal-phase liquid chromatographic clean-up.

A clean-up method for organochlorine compounds in fatty samples based on normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) is described. To this end, an existing clean-up procedure which uses column switching for the separation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the fat matrix was simplified to a single silica LC column procedure. The use of an LC column packed with 3 microns silica enables complete fat/OCP separation in a total fraction volume of 12 ml, and results in a fully automated clean-up procedure that takes only 32 min per sample.