Uptake of community health care provision by community health entrepreneurs for febrile illness and diarrhoea: a cross-sectional survey in rural communities in Bunyangabu district, Uganda.

Objective: To assess the uptake of services provided by community health workers who were trained as community health entrepreneurs (CHEs) for febrile illness and diarrhoea.

Design: A cross-sectional survey among households combined with mapping of all providers of basic medicine and primary health services in the study area.

Participants: 1265 randomly selected households in 15 rural villages with active CHEs.

Optimal antegrade cerebral perfusion flow in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection: A retrospective single-center analysis.

Background: Systemic hypothermia with bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP) is the preferred cerebral protective strategy for type A aortic dissection surgery. The optimal ASCP flow rate remains uncertain and the target flow cannot always be reached due to pressure limitations. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between ASCP flow and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2).

Solutions to Enhance Health with Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) protocol: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial for gut microbiota-targeted treatment of severe acute malnutrition using rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic foods in Indonesia.

Introduction: Current formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on nutrient density and quantity. Less attention is given to foods targeting gut microbiota metabolism and mucosal barrier functions. Heat-stabilised rice bran contains essential nutrients, prebiotics, vitamins and unique phytochemicals that have demonstrated favourable bioactivity to modulate gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity.

Association of both Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices with childhood malnutrition in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study of the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey II.

Objective: We assessed whether Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), either alone or combined, were associated with malnutrition among Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) children aged 6 to <24 months.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey II (LSIS II), which used multistage probability proportional to size sampling. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with OR and its corresponding 95% CI.

Victims of Child Abuse Dropping Out of Trauma-Focused Treatment: A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors.

Unlabelled: A substantial number of children who experienced child maltreatment drop out of evidence-based trauma-focused treatments (TF-CBT). Identifying child, family, and treatment-related factors associated with treatment dropout is important to be able to prevent this from happening and to effectively treat children's trauma-related symptoms. Methods: A quantitative review was performed based on a systematic synthesis of the literature on potential risk factors for dropout of trauma-focused treatment in maltreated children.

Using telehealth to support community health workers in Uganda during COVID-19: a mixed-method study.

Background: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a local consortium in Uganda set up a telehealth approach that aimed to educate 3,500 Community Health Workers (CHW) in rural areas about COVID-19, help them identify, refer and care for potential COVID-19 cases, and support them in continuing their regular community health work. The aim of this study was to assess the functioning of the telehealth approach that was set up to support CHWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: For this mixed-method study, we combined analysis of routine consultation data from the call-center, 24 interviews with key-informants and two surveys of 150 CHWs.

Comparison of venous pCO and exhaust pCO for calculating CO production during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Introduction: Carbon dioxide production (VCO2i), oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery can be monitored during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as markers for tissue perfusion. This study examines if inline venous pCO2 (PvCO2) monitoring can be used as an alternative to exhaust gas pCO2 (ExCO2) to calculate VCO2i.

Methods: PvCO2 and ExCO2 were monitored continuously during 40 elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures.

A comparison of continuous blood gas monitors during cardiopulmonary bypass LivaNova B-Capta, Terumo CDI 500, spectrum medical M4.

Introduction: Accurate and precise management of blood gas parameters during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is crucial to patient care and outcome. This study compares the data provided by Livanova B-Capta, Terumo CDI500, and Spectrum Medical M4 with the results from a gold standard blood gas analyzer to test accuracy.

Methods: All three continuous blood gas monitoring (CBGM) devices were used simultaneously during CPB on one dedicated HLM.

Worldwide Vaccination Willingness for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Countries across the globe are currently experiencing a third or fourth wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections; therefore, the need for effective vaccination campaigns is higher than ever. However, effectiveness of these campaigns in disease reduction is highly dependent on vaccination uptake and coverage in susceptible populations. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the vaccination intention and identified determinants of willingness and hesitancy.

[Intensive home treatment (IHT): indication criteria for children and adolescents].

Background: Intensive home treatment (IHT) is an intervention that provides intensive psychiatric (crisis) care in the home environment.

Aim: To formulate indication criteria for IHT in children and adolescents, to improve assessment and to reduce the time needed for triage.

Method: The Delphi method was used to assess the opinion of experts on the indication for IHT in children and adolescents.

Nutrient density, but not cost of diet, is associated with anemia and iron deficiency in school-age children in South Africa.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of nutrient density and diet cost with anemia and iron deficiency (ID) in children.

Methods: Dietary intake data of 5- to 12-y-old children (n = 578) from three independent studies in low-income communities were pooled. Nutrient densities were calculated using the Nutrient Rich Foods index and Nutrient Rich Diet index, with higher scores indicating more nutrient-dense foods and diets.

Adherence to Child Feeding Practices and Child Growth: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in Cambodia.

Appropriate feeding in the first 1000 days of a child's life is critical for their health and growth. We determined associations between adherence to age-appropriate feeding practices and child growth in Cambodia. Children (n = 1079) were included in the first follow-up (FU) data analyses and followed for 30 months (six FUs).

A retrospective analysis of CO derived goal-directed perfusion variables under normothermic conditions: do we need to re-evaluate threshold values?

This study investigated if current predictive values for increased lactate formation: VCOi > 60 ml min m, respiratory quotient (RQ) > 0.90, and DO/VCO < 5.0, are valid under normothermic conditions.

Increase in treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in the Netherlands from 2010 to 2017.

Purpose: Compare patients treated for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in two consecutive periods.

Methods: Retrospective inventory of anonymized neonatal and ophthalmological data of all patients treated for ROP from 2010 to 2017 in the Netherlands, subdivided in period (P)1: 1-1-2010 to 31-3-2013 and P2: 1-4-2013 to 31-12-2016. Treatment characteristics, adherence to early treatment for ROP (ETROP) criteria, outcome of treatment and changes in neonatal parameters and policy of care were compared.

Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among 5- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in South Africa.

Objective: To examine the associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among primary school-aged children in South Africa.

Design: An analysis was conducted with pooled individual data from the baseline surveys from three previously conducted independent intervention studies. Two different dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated based on data from 1-day (1-d) and 3-day (3-d) dietary recall periods, respectively.

Recovery of cefazolin and clindamycin in in vitro pediatric CPB systems.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often necessary for congenital cardiac surgery, but CPB can alter drug pharmacokinetic parameters resulting in underdosing. Inadequate plasma levels of antibiotics could lead to postoperative infections with increased morbidity. The influence of pediatric CPB systems on cefazolin and clindamycin plasma levels is not known.

In Vitro Recovery of Sufentanil, Midazolam, Propofol, and Methylprednisolone in Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Systems.

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro drug recovery in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) systems used for pediatric cardiac surgery.

Design: Observational in vitro study.

Setting: Single-center university hospital.

Development of Nationwide Recommendations to Support Prenatal Counseling in Extreme Prematurity.

Objectives: To develop a nationwide, evidence-based framework to support prenatal counseling in extreme prematurity, focusing on organization, decision-making, content, and style aspects.

Methods: A nationwide multicenter RAND-modified Delphi method study was performed between November 2016 and December 2017 in the Netherlands. Firstly, recommendations were extracted from literature and previous studies.

Growth, health, and motor development of 5-year-old children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the growth, health, and motor development of children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).

Design: Observational cohort study and comparison of 5-year-old children born after PGD to similar aged children born after IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and children from families with a genetic disorder born after natural conception (NC).

Setting: University hospital.

Nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status in 5- to 12-y-old children in South Africa.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status of school children using pooled data from three study populations in South Africa.

Methods: Data from 5- to 12-y-old children (N = 578) from three independent studies conducted in two provinces in South Africa were pooled. Data used in the analysis were dietary intake, hemoglobin, and plasma ferritin concentrations.

The cognitive and socio-emotional development of 5-year-old children born after PGD.

Study Question: Does PGD increase the risk on adverse cognitive and socio-emotional development?

Summary Answer: The cognitive and socio-emotional development in children born after PGD seems to be normal when compared to control groups.

What Is Known Already: A limited number of studies with small sample sizes indicate that the cognitive and socio-emotional development of (pre)school-aged children born after either PGD or PGS seem to be comparable to those of children born after IVF/ICSI and to naturally conceived (NC) children from the general population.

Study Design, Size, Duration: For this study we invited 72 5-year-old PGD children, 128 5-year-old IVF/ICSI children and 108 5-year-old NC children from families with a genetic disorder.

Perinatal follow-up of children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis between 1995 and 2014.

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the safety of PGD. We focus on the congenital malformation rate and additionally report on adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods: We collated data from a large group of singletons and multiples born after PGD between 1995 and 2014.

Association of culture medium with growth, weight and cardiovascular development of IVF children at the age of 9 years.

Study Question: Is embryo culture media used during an IVF/ICSI treatment associated with differences in growth, body composition and cardiovascular development as determined in 9-year-old singleton IVF children?

Summary Answer: The choice of in vitro culture medium for human embryos is associated with differences in body weight, BMI, truncal adiposity, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio at the age of 9, while no significant differences were observed in cardiovascular development.

What Is Known Already: Children born after IVF/ICSI have an increased risk of low birthweight, which is correlated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some studies show that IVF children exhibit a significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher fasting glucose levels compared to naturally conceived children.