Exploring parental thoughts and clinical experiences on blended food in a paediatric population, a qualitative study.

Background: There's a growing interest in blended food (BF) as an alternative to commercial food (CF) for tube-fed children. Thus, we investigated parental and medical experiences with BF as an option for tube feeding in children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients were already using BF, chosen by parents.

Practice Analysis: Developing a Content Outline for the Child Abuse Pediatrics Certification Exam.

The examination by which physicians achieve board certification in CAP should reflect the knowledge and skills required of the modern practitioner. The American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) assembled a 12-member volunteer panel of practicing child abuse pediatricians to conduct a practice analysis. In the first phase of the project, the panel identified and documented the practice domains, tasks, knowledge, and skills required for clinical practice.

Faecal microbiota transplantation in children: A systematic review.

Aim: Novel technologies offer insights into the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease. Dysbiosis has been associated with several diseases, and it is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of different gastrointestinal diseases. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a method to modulate the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem.

Nutritional management of high-output ileostomies in paediatric patients is vital and more evidence-based guidelines are needed.

Aim: Paediatric patients with high-output ileostomies (HOI) face an elevated risk of complications. This study aimed to comprehensively review the existing literature and offer nutritional management recommendations for paediatric patients with an HOI.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant English or French language papers up to 31 June 2022.

Identifying risk factors of anti-TNF induced skin lesions and other adverse events in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: While higher infliximab (IFX) trough concentrations (TCs) are associated with better outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they could pose a risk for adverse events (AEs), including IFX-induced skin lesions. Therefore, we studied correlations between IFX TCs and occurrence of AEs in paediatric IBD patients.

Methods: In this single-centre study, all children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving IFX maintenance therapy who underwent proactive drug monitoring between March 2015 and August 2022 were included.

Child with protein losing enteropathy as presentation of collagenous duodenitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Background: Collagenous duodenitis and gastritis are rare histopathological findings in children.

Patients And Methods: : We describe a four-year old girl, who presented with non-bloody diarrhea for two months and progressive edema with an albumin of 16g/dl.

Results: The diagnosis of a protein losing enteropathy was made.

Nausea is the only symptom associated with delayed gastric emptying in pediatric functional dyspepsia patients.

Objectives: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a heterogeneous functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) with a highly prevalent symptom complex. The aim of our study is to investigate the relation between symptoms of FD and results of gastric emptying (GE) breath test in children.

Methods: This study included patients (6-17 years old) presented at the general gastroenterology outpatient clinic with dyspeptic symptoms (Rome IV criteria) and underwent careful history taking with clinical examination.

A Model-Based Tool for Guiding Infliximab Induction Dosing to Maximize Long-term Deep Remission in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background And Aims: Adequate infliximab concentrations during induction treatment are predictive for deep remission [corticosteroid-free clinical and endoscopic remission] at 6 months in children with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. Under standard infliximab induction dosing, children often have low infliximab trough concentrations. Model-informed precision dosing [MIPD; i.

Renal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.

As extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and affect morbidity and sometimes even mortality, vigilance in the surveillance of EIMs and installing the appropriate treatment are essential. Data on renal manifestations in patients with IBD are however rare. Nevertheless, up to 5-15% of adult patients with IBD will develop chronic kidney disease over time.

Infliximab Concentrations during Induction Are Predictive for Endoscopic Remission in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease under Combination Therapy.

Objectives: To study infliximab (IFX) pharmacokinetics in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during induction therapy to predict outcome and explore if other covariates influenced outcome.

Study Design: All children with IBD starting IFX therapy (5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 12) for active luminal disease from May 2017 to May 2019 were included and followed prospectively. Patients were sampled at multiple timepoints during induction (trough concentrations and peak concentration at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 12, and intermediate concentration at weeks 1-4).

Thiopurines in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current and Future Place.

Thiopurines have been widely used to maintain steroid-free remission in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, within the expanding treatment armamentarium, the role of these non-selective immunomodulators has been questioned, especially in pediatric patients, who often present with a more aggressive disease course, which can impact growth and development. The less favorable safety but also inferior efficacy profile associated with thiopurines, in contrast to the newer biological therapies, has interfered with their use.

Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment.

Background: Life expectancy is increasing in the HIV-positive population and age-related non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, (CVD) are seen more frequently. This study investigated to what extent HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with CVD risk in an urban African population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, between July 2016 and November 2017.

Long-term outcome of immunomodulator use in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: In the era where new biologicals are entering the market, the place of immunomodulators in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) needs to be reassessed.

Methods: All children with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) followed at our center over the last 10 years were reviewed. Children who received conventional therapy (including 5-aminosalicylates, steroids, thiopurines and methotrexate) since diagnosis were included.

Adequate Infliximab Exposure During Induction Predicts Remission in Paediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as a useful tool in the management of infliximab (IFX) treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether IFX trough levels after induction therapy are predictive for outcome at week 52.

Methods: All pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving maintenance IFX at our centre, with IFX trough level available at their first maintenance infusion and a follow-up of at least 52 weeks were included.

Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity is Not Affected by Switching From Infliximab Originator to a Biosimilar in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Rising evidence demonstrates that there are no differences in efficacy and safety between infliximab (IFX) originator and IFX biosimilar CT-P13 in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, most data are derived from adult patients, and data on pharmacokinetics are limited. The authors evaluated long-term IFX trough levels, immunogenicity, and remission rates in children with IBD who switched from IFX originator to biosimilar CT-P13.

Outcome of Pregnancies in Female Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treated With Vedolizumab.

Background And Aims: Vedolizumab is an IgG1 anti-α4β7 integrin antibody approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but without clear safety data during conception, pregnancy and nursing. Animal studies showed that mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 [MAdCAM-1] is expressed by maternal vessels in the placenta and recruits α4β7-expressing cells that are considered important for maternal/fetal tolerance. Blocking this interaction by vedolizumab might affect this process.

Higher Infliximab Trough Levels Are Associated With Better Outcome in Paediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: The role of therapeutic drug monitoring for infliximab [IFX] therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is poorly investigated. We determined if IFX exposure correlates with long-term remission in children.

Methods: In this retrospective study, all children with Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], receiving maintenance IFX at our centre, were included.

Renal progression factors in young patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Renal pathology in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by the growth of angiomyolipoma and renal cysts, and in rare cases renal cell carcinoma. Other consequences of renal involvement in TSC, including hypertension, proteinuria, and hyperfiltration, are not well studied. We aimed to analyze the early manifestations of the renal TSC phenotype in a young TSC cohort and to explore common, modifiable risk factors.

Long-Term Safety of In Utero Exposure to Anti-TNFα Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from the Multicenter European TEDDY Study.

Objectives: The long-term safety of exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) drugs during pregnancy has received little attention. We aimed to compare the relative risk of severe infections in children of mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were exposed to anti-TNFα drugs in utero with that of children who were not exposed to the drugs.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-TNF therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: Although anti-TNF therapy has changed the scenery of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) immensely, there are still patients with an unfortunate outcome. Approximately one third of patients that initially respond to anti-TNF therapy will lose that response over time and need treatment optimization. Loss of response (LOR) is a big concern in IBD management and especially among pediatric patients where treatment options are more limited than in adults.

Liver involvement in kidney disease and vice versa.

The liver and kidneys are often similarly affected by a single disease. This is the case in metabolic, immunological, toxic, and infectious diseases, and in the different congenital malformation syndromes. Also, an enzymatic defect in an otherwise healthy liver or the consequences of advanced liver disease by itself can cause kidney disease as a secondary phenomenon.

Occurrence of atypical HUS associated with influenza B.

Unlabelled: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy with a triad of non-immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal impairment. Approximately 10% of cases of HUS are classified as atypical (aHUS). While today many genetically forms of aHUS pathology are known, only about 50% of carriers precipitate the disease.

Microvillus inclusion disease: a subtotal enterectomy as a bridge to transplantation.

Background: Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a known congenital cause of intractable diarrhea resulting in permanent intestinal failure. There is need for a lifelong total parenteral nutrition (TPN) from diagnosis and the prognosis is poor. Most patients die by the second decade of life as a result of complications of parenteral alimentation including liver failure or sepsis.