Spatial QRS-T angle can indicate presence of myocardial fibrosis in pediatric and young adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis, expressed as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), is an important risk factor for malignant cardiac events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, CMR is not easily available, expensive, also needing intravenous access and contrast.

Objective: To determine if derived vectorcardiographic spatial QRS-T angles, an aspect of advanced ECG (A-ECG), can indicate LGE to appropriately prioritize young HCM-patients for CMR.

Companion animal and equine clinical research: a Nordic perspective.

Background: The societal value of cats, dogs and horses is high, and the companion and sport animal health care sector is growing. Clinical research concerning cats, dogs and horses is crucial for the development of evidence-based medical care that benefits animals and their owners, and has implications for human and environmental health from a One Health perspective. Basic information on companion animal and equine research enables more directed measures to improve conditions for research within the area.

Grain engineering for efficient near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes.

Metal halide perovskites show promise for next-generation light-emitting diodes, particularly in the near-infrared range, where they outperform organic and quantum-dot counterparts. However, they still fall short of costly III-V semiconductor devices, which achieve external quantum efficiencies above 30% with high brightness. Among several factors, controlling grain growth and nanoscale morphology is crucial for further enhancing device performance.

ChatGPT (GPT-4) versus doctors on complex cases of the Swedish family medicine specialist examination: an observational comparative study.

Background: Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence research include the development of generative pretrained transformers (GPT). ChatGPT has been shown to perform well when answering several sets of medical multiple-choice questions. However, it has not been tested for writing free-text assessments of complex cases in primary care.

Compassionate mind training for university students - A randomized controlled trial.

The study objective was to assess the effects of a five-week compassionate mind training for university students regarding symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and self-compassion compared with an active control group. Swedish university students were randomized to a compassionate mind training group or to an active control group. The outcome measures were.

Single-point ultrasound-guided iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal-genitofemoral nerve block for inguinal hernia surgery in older adult patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ultrasound-guided nerve block can be used for perioperative analgesia and can potentially improve the course of recovery. Although iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal nerve block has been successfully used for inguinal hernia surgery, the poor blocking effect of intraoperative traction reflex remains a major drawback of this technique. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-point ultrasound-guided iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal-genitofemoral nerve (GFN) blockage for open anterior inguinal hernia repair in older adults.

Five Year Outcomes in Low-Risk Patients Undergoing Surgery in the PARTNER 3 Trial.

Background: Surgery remains an important treatment for low-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). We evaluated 5-year outcomes in low-risk patients undergoing isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or SAVR with concomitant procedures within the randomized PARTNER 3 trial.

Methods: In the PARTNER 3 trial, 454 patients underwent surgery for severe, symptomatic, tri-leaflet AS and were followed for 5 years.

Audit and Feedback Interventions for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review evaluates the effect of audit and feedback (A&F) interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care and examines factors that may explain the variation in effectiveness.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving A&F interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care were included in the systematic review. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.

The Cost of Waiting for a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Medicare Beneficiaries With Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prevalent valvular disorder necessitating timely intervention, particularly when symptomatic. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the recommended treatment, but delays in access to AVR are common and linked to adverse outcomes and increased health care costs. This study aims to assess the health care cost burden associated with delaying transcatheter AVR (TAVR) in Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with clinically significant AS.

Discovery of 6-Fluoro-5-{4-[(5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-6-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}--methylpyridine-2-carboxamide (AZD9574): A CNS-Penetrant, PARP1-Selective Inhibitor.

PARP inhibitors have attracted considerable interest in drug discovery due to the clinical success of first-generation agents such as olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib. Their success lies in their ability to trap PARP to DNA; however, first-generation PARP inhibitors were not strictly optimized for trapping nor for selectivity among the PARP enzyme family. Previously we described the discovery of the second-generation PARP inhibitor AZD5305, a selective PARP1-DNA trapper.

Systemic inflammatory response in colorectal cancer is associated with tumour mismatch repair and impaired survival.

The systemic inflammatory response (SIR), defined as elevated levels of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), is an important predictor of impaired survival in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of SIR and its association with tumour mismatch repair status and the immune response. Immune activity profiles of mononuclear cells isolated from CRC tissues and blood in the U-CAN exploration cohort (n = 69), were analysed by flow cytometry.

[Five myths about open science].

Open science aims to make research accessible to all, enhancing transparency and promoting replication. It involves practices such as open access publishing, sharing statistical code, and making non-sensitive data a available to encourage critical review, reduce errors and prevent selective reporting of favorable results. A key component of open science is preregistration, where researchers outline their hypotheses and planned analysis methods in advance, minimizing bias and promoting accountability.

Association between peripheral activated naive and double negative 2 B-cell subsets and clinical parameters in lupus nephritis patients.

Altered composition of B-cell compartments is a known feature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, deep characterisation of B-cell subsets and their relation to clinical manifestations and disease activity in patients is limited. In this study, we analysed peripheral B-cell subsets phenotype in SLE (n = 35) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 15) by spectral flow cytometry.

Cephalopod-inspired jetting devices for gastrointestinal drug delivery.

Needle-based injections currently enable the administration of a wide range of biomacromolecule therapies across the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, through recent developments in ingestible robotic devices. However, needles generally require training, sharps management and disposal, and pose challenges for autonomous ingestible systems. Here, inspired by the jetting systems of cephalopods, we have developed and evaluated microjet delivery systems that can deliver jets in axial and radial directions into tissue, making them suitable for tubular and globular segments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Measuring hospital inpatient Procedure Access Inequality in the United States.

Geographic disparities in access to inpatient procedures are a significant issue within the US healthcare system. This study introduces the Procedure Access Inequality (PAI) index, a standardized metric to quantify these disparities while adjusting for disease prevalence. Using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, we analyzed inpatient procedure data from 18 states between 2016 and 2019.

"Going Beyond Darkness"-Lingering Images and Ideation of Self-Destruction.

Purpose: This paper is a personal reflection on the persistence of self-destructive thoughts and ideations in individuals with a history of self-destructiveness.

Background: Personal narratives are essential for understanding mental health and illness, particularly for those with a history of self-destructive behaviour. I, a researcher with lived experience of mental illness and self-destructiveness, highlight the importance of presenting them in their raw and unmediated form.

Clinical outcomes following acute sore throat assessment at community pharmacy versus general practice: a retrospective, longitudinal, data linkage study.

Background: To date, no research has compared longer-term outcomes (antibiotic provision; re-consultations; hospital admissions for quinsy; cost-effectiveness) following presentation with acute sore throat at general practice (GP) versus newer, pharmacy-led services.

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of sore throat consultations between 1 November 2018 and 28 February 2020 either with the Wales pharmacy-led sore throat test and treat (STTT) service or with a healthcare professional at GP. Individual-level pharmacy consultation data from the national Choose Pharmacy IT application were securely uploaded to the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank and linked to routinely collected, anonymized, population-scale, individual-level, anonymized health and administrative data.

Photo-supported conversations about well-being (BeWell) for patients with exhaustion disorders - a controlled clinical intervention study.

Introduction: Health-promotion approaches to address stress-related exhaustion disorders, reduce personal suffering, improve coping and participation in everyday life are needed in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported health and well-being before and after an intervention focusing on well-being with photo-supported conversations (BeWell).

Material And Methods: Eighty-one patients (69 women), 20-67 years old, with exhaustion disorders were recruited at Swedish primary health care centres (PHCC) to a controlled clinical study.

CACHE Challenge #1: Targeting the WDR Domain of LRRK2, A Parkinson's Disease Associated Protein.

The CACHE challenges are a series of prospective benchmarking exercises to evaluate progress in the field of computational hit-finding. Here we report the results of the inaugural CACHE challenge in which 23 computational teams each selected up to 100 commercially available compounds that they predicted would bind to the WDR domain of the Parkinson's disease target LRRK2, a domain with no known ligand and only an apo structure in the PDB. The lack of known binding data and presumably low druggability of the target is a challenge to computational hit finding methods.

Efficacy of Liposuction of the Posterior Arm Fat Pad in Axillobrachioplasty after Massive Weigh Loss: A Pilot Study.

Background: The topographic anatomical changes of the upper arms and axilla after massive weight loss (MWL) seem ill-described in the literature. The importance of the axilla in MWL brachioplasty and how the procedure differs from the postmenopausal "batwing" deformity of the upper arms is also unclear. Consideration of the underlying pathology seems imperative for a successful reconstruction.

Implementation of a tailored multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in frail older adults (ImpresU) in four European countries: a process evaluation alongside a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: We previously performed a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in general practices and older adult care organizations in Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. We found that a multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention (ASI) substantially reduced antibiotic use for suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in frail older adults compared with usual care. We aimed to evaluate the implementation process of the ASI to provide recommendations for clinical practice.