Gaze-based detection of mind wandering during audio-guided panorama viewing.

Unlike classic audio guides, intelligent audio guides can detect users' level of attention and help them regain focus. In this paper, we investigate the detection of mind wandering (MW) from eye movements in a use case with a long focus distance. We present a novel MW annotation method for combined audio-visual stimuli and collect annotated MW data for the use case of audio-guided city panorama viewing.

An interpretable machine learning approach to multimodal stress detection in a simulated office environment.

Background And Objective: Work-related stress affects a large part of today's workforce and is known to have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Continuous and unobtrusive stress detection may help prevent and reduce stress by providing personalised feedback and allowing for the development of just-in-time adaptive health interventions for stress management. Previous studies on stress detection in work environments have often struggled to adequately reflect real-world conditions in controlled laboratory experiments.

The field of human building interaction for convergent research and innovation for intelligent built environments.

Human-Building Interaction (HBI) is a convergent field that represents the growing complexities of the dynamic interplay between human experience and intelligence within built environments. This paper provides core definitions, research dimensions, and an overall vision for the future of HBI as developed through consensus among 25 interdisciplinary experts in a series of facilitated workshops. Three primary areas contribute to and require attention in HBI research: humans (human experiences, performance, and well-being), buildings (building design and operations), and technologies (sensing, inference, and awareness).

Glycosyltransferase POMGNT1 deficiency strengthens N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.

Defects in protein O-mannosylation lead to severe congenital muscular dystrophies collectively known as α-dystroglycanopathy. A hallmark of these diseases is the loss of the O-mannose-bound matriglycan on α-dystroglycan, which reduces cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1), which is crucial for the elongation of O-mannosyl glycans, have mainly been associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease.

Spatial Abilities for Architecture: Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Assessment With Novel and Existing Spatial Ability Tests.

This study examined individual differences in spatial abilities of architecture students. Students at different educational levels were assessed on spatial ability tests that varied in their domain-specificity to architecture, with the hypothesis that larger differences between beginner and advanced students will emerge on more domain-specific tests. We also investigated gender differences in test performance and controlled for general reasoning ability across analyses.

The Impact of Intraoperative Image-Guidance Modalities and Neurophysiologic Monitoring in the Safety of Sacroiliac Fusions.

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort.

Objective: A review of efficiency and safety of fluoroscopy and stereotactic navigation system for minimally invasive (MIS) Sacroiliac (SI) fusion through a lateral technique.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of an observational cohort of 96 patients greater than 18 years old, that underwent MIS SI fusion guided by fluoroscopy or navigation between January 2013 and April 2020 with a minimum of 3 months follow-up.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon status in post-hurricane Harvey sediments: Considerations for environmental sampling in the Galveston Bay/Houston Ship Channel region.

Hurricane Harvey led to a broad redistribution of sediment throughout Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel (GB/HSC), but the resulting changes in chemical contaminant distributions have yet to be characterized. To address this question, we collected and analyzed post-Harvey sediment for concentrations of the EPA 16 Priority Pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), determining the extent to which the spatial distribution and sourcing of contaminants may have changed in contrast to historical surface sediment data (<5 cm) from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) available for the years 1996-2011. We found a small, but detectable increase from pre- to post-Harvey in PAH concentrations, with PAH diagnostic sourcing indicating combustion origins.

The effects of acute work stress and appraisal on psychobiological stress responses in a group office environment.

Background: The high prevalence of office stress and its detrimental health consequences are of concern to individuals, employers and society at large. Laboratory studies investigating office stress have mostly relied on data from participants that were tested individually on abstract tasks. In this study, we examined the effect of psychosocial office stress and work interruptions on the psychobiological stress response in a realistic but controlled group office environment.

Cerebral deep venous thrombosis and COVID-19: case report.

Herein, the authors present the case of a 54-year-old male diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during a screening test. The patient was asked to self-isolate at home and report with any exacerbations of symptoms. He presented later with pneumonia complicated by encephalopathy at days 14 and 15 from initial diagnosis, respectively.

How tropical cyclone flooding caused erosion and dispersal of mercury-contaminated sediment in an urban estuary: The impact of Hurricane Harvey on Buffalo Bayou and the San Jacinto Estuary, Galveston Bay, USA.

Hurricane Harvey (Harvey), a slow-moving storm, struck the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane. Over the course of 53 days, the floodwaters of Harvey delivered 14 × 10 m of freshwater to Galveston Bay. This resulted in record flooding of Houston bayous and waterways, all of which drained into the San Jacinto Estuary (SJE,) with its main tributaries being Buffalo Bayou and the San Jacinto River.

Developing standardized titles to classify the adverse events in 7,418 cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures.

Background: Neurosurgical procedures are life- and function-saving but carry a risk of adverse events (AE) which can cause permanent neurologic deficits. Unfortunately, there is lack of clearly defined AEs associated with given procedures, and their reporting is non-uniform and often arbitrary. However, with an increasing number of neurosurgical procedures performed, there is a need for standardization of AEs for systematic tracking.

The Implications of Paraspinal Muscle Atrophy in Low Back Pain, Thoracolumbar Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Review of the Literature.

Study Design: Literature review.

Objectives: Paraspinal muscle integrity is believed to play a critical role in low back pain (LBP) and numerous spinal deformity diseases and other pain pathologies. The influence of paraspinal muscle atrophy (PMA) on the clinical and radiographic success of spinal surgery has not been established.

Minimizing Blood Loss in Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Broad narrative review.

Objective: To review and summarize the current literature on guidelines, outcomes, techniques and indications surrounding multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Methods: A thorough review of peer-reviewed literature was performed on the guidelines, outcomes, techniques, and indications for multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Surgical Approaches and Associated Complications.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare but potentially devastating cause of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Decompressive surgery is the standard of care for OPLL and can be achieved through anterior, posterior, or combined approaches to the cervical spine. Surgical correction of OPLL via any approach is associated with higher rates of complications and the presence of OPLL is considered a significant risk factor for perioperative complications in DCM surgeries.

Waves of Pain Relief: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials in Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveforms for the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Low Back and Leg Pain.

In the United States, chronic low back pain affects up to 37% of adults and is a multibillion dollar health care expenditure. Spinal cord simulation (SCS) has been established as an effective treatment alternative for chronic neuropathic low back and leg pain, especially for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or chronic regional pain syndrome. The field of SCS has rapidly advanced such that analgesia can now be achieved through numerous different waveforms, each claiming to offer improved outcomes.

Implantable Pulse Generator Site May Be Associated With Spinal Cord Stimulation Revision Surgeries.

Background: The use of implantable pulse generators (IPG) for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with chronic pain has been well established. Although IPG-related complications have been reported on, the association between IPG site and SCS complications has not been well studied.

Objective: To investigate whether IPG placement site in buttock or flank is associated with SCS complications and, hence, revision surgeries.

Flat-Detector Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Intracerebral Vasculature for Planning of Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode Implantation.

Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) requires extensive preoperative planning to optimize placement of electrodes and limit the potential for complications. Flat-detector computed tomography (FD-CT) has previously been used for perioperative vascular imaging to guide the treatment of vascular lesions. This imaging modality provides a detailed depiction of cerebrovascular and bony cranial anatomy, which can be used to guide intracranial electrode implantation.

An Overview of Chronic Spinal Pain: Revisiting Diagnostic Categories and Exploring an Evolving Role for Neurostimulation.

Study Design: Topic overview.

Objective: To describe the varied etiologies resulting in chronic spinal pain and review the current available evidence for treatments.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic pain conditions, especially those that affect the axial back and radiate to the extremities, affect a large population.

Cost-Effectiveness Data Regarding Spinal Cord Stimulation for Low Back Pain.

Study Design: Review of published literature pertaining to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) cost data analysis.

Objective: To acquire, organize, and succinctly summarize the available literature regarding the costs associated with, and the cost-effectiveness of, SCS.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic back and limb pain is a pervasive complaint in modern society, with estimated annual costs of medical care greater than $100 billion.

Interferon-λ and interleukin 22 act synergistically for the induction of interferon-stimulated genes and control of rotavirus infection.

The epithelium is the main entry point for many viruses, but the processes that protect barrier surfaces against viral infections are incompletely understood. Here we identified interleukin 22 (IL-22) produced by innate lymphoid cell group 3 (ILC3) as an amplifier of signaling via interferon-λ (IFN-λ), a synergism needed to curtail the replication of rotavirus, the leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. Cooperation between the receptor for IL-22 and the receptor for IFN-λ, both of which were 'preferentially' expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), was required for optimal activation of the transcription factor STAT1 and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Antifibrinolytics reduce blood loss in adult spinal deformity surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Study Design: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded comparison of tranexamic acid (TXA), epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA), and placebo used intraoperatively in patients with adult spinal deformity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide high-quality evidence regarding the comparative efficacies of TXA, EACA, and placebo in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Spine deformity surgery usually involves substantial blood loss.

Interpars - an anatomical examination of the lumbar pars interarticulares with significance for spinal decompression.

Background: Spine procedures continue to increase significantly. As such, a more precise understanding of the anatomy, especially the pars interarticularis (PI) is critical. Current data characterizing the PI level-by-level is lacking.

The relative efficacy of antifibrinolytics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: Antifibrinolytics can reduce intraoperative blood loss. The primary aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of intraoperative tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and placebo at reducing perioperative blood loss and the transfusion rate in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal arthrodesis.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and placebo used intraoperatively in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Cysts about the knee: evaluation and management.

Popliteal (Baker) cysts, meniscal cysts, proximal tibiofibular joint cysts, and cruciate ligament ganglion cysts are cystic masses commonly found about the knee. Popliteal cysts form when a bursa swells with synovial fluid, with or without a clear inciting etiology. Presentation ranges from asymptomatic to painful, limited knee motion.