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New onset of seizures in children presenting with status epilepticus (SE) are rarely caused by intracranial aneurysms and haemorrhage, and the diagnosis is therefore challenging. This case report presents a ten-year-old healthy girl presenting with SE preceded by headache for two weeks. A CT-scan showed a subarachnoidal haemorrhage from a cerebral aneurysm.

Chromatin Modifiers SET-25 and SET-32 Are Required for Establishment but Not Long-Term Maintenance of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance.

Some epigenetic modifications are inherited from one generation to the next, providing a potential mechanism for the inheritance of environmentally acquired traits. Transgenerational inheritance of RNAi phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans provides an excellent model to study this phenomenon, and although studies have implicated both chromatin modifications and small RNA pathways in heritable silencing, their relative contributions remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the putative histone methyltransferases SET-25 and SET-32 are required for establishment of a transgenerational silencing signal but not for long-term maintenance of this signal between subsequent generations, suggesting that transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is a multi-step process with distinct genetic requirements for establishment and maintenance of heritable silencing.

Evidence of a MOF histone acetyltransferase-containing NSL complex in C. elegans.

Regulation of chromatin is a key process in the developmental control of gene expression. Many multi-subunit protein complexes have been found to regulate chromatin through the modification of histone residues. One such complex is the MOF histone acetyltransferase-containing NSL complex.

Chiral polymers of intrinsic microporosity: selective membrane permeation of enantiomers.

Following its resolution by diastereomeric complexation, 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane (TTSBI) was used to synthesize a chiral ladder polymer, (+)-PIM-CN. (+)-PIM-COOH was also synthesized by the acid hydrolysis of (+)-PIM-CN. Following characterization, both (+)-PIM-CN and (+)-PIM-COOH were solvent cast directly into semipermeable membranes and evaluated for their ability to enable the selective permeation of a range of racemates, including mandelic acid (Man), Fmoc-phenylalanine, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (binol), and TTSBI.

SUMV-1 antagonizes the activity of synthetic multivulva genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Chromatin regulators contribute to the developmental control of gene expression. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the roles of chromatin regulation in development have been explored in several contexts, including vulval differentiation. The synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes are regulators of vulval development in C.

The role of the acidity of N-heteroaryl sulfonamides as inhibitors of bcl-2 family protein-protein interactions.

Overexpression of the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins is commonly associated with cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapeutics. Here, we describe the structure-based optimization of a series of N-heteroaryl sulfonamides that demonstrate potent mechanism-based cell death. The role of the acidic nature of the sulfonamide moiety as it relates to potency, solubility, and clearance is examined.

A dual change model of life satisfaction and functioning for individuals with schizophrenia.

Despite the notion that increases in functioning should be associated with increases in life satisfaction in schizophrenia, research has often found no association between the two. Dual change models of global and domain-specific life satisfaction and functioning were examined in 145 individuals with schizophrenia receiving community-based services over 12 months. Functioning and satisfaction were measured using the Role Functioning Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale.

The causal relationships between neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome over time in schizophrenia: a latent difference score approach.

Background: Social cognition has been identified as a significant construct for schizophrenia research with relevance to diagnosis, assessment, treatment and functional outcome. However, social cognition has not been clearly understood in terms of its relationships with neurocognition and functional outcomes. The present study sought to examine the empirical independence of social cognition and neurocognition; to investigate the possible causal structure among social cognition, neurocognition and psychosocial functioning.

How family factors impact psychosocial functioning for African American consumers with schizophrenia.

There is a critical need to test how family contextual factors impact outpatient consumer functioning in schizophrenia. This is the first study of two companion studies reported here that tests family factors' influence on consumer functioning. Ninety-three low income inner-city African American consumer-family dyads were tested to see the possible impact of family factors, based on the EE and family caregiver burden literatures, on consumer psychosocial functioning (work, social, and independent living).

The importance of consumer perceived criticism on clinical outcomes for outpatient African Americans with schizophrenia.

This is the second of two studies that tests the impact of family factors on consumer functioning. This study tests the impact of the consumer's perception of being criticized by the family (consumer perceived criticism) on the consumer's clinical functioning. It likewise, concurrently tests the impact that other family factors have on perceived criticism.

The prospective relationships among intrinsic motivation, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia.

To address significant gaps in our understanding about how neurocognition, intrinsic motivation (IM), and psychosocial functioning are interrelated in schizophrenia, this study investigated the following questions: Is IM stable or dynamic over time? Does neurocognition predict change in IM over time? What is the association between change in neurocognition, change in IM, and change in psychosocial functioning? Finally, what is the causal structure of the relationships among neurocognition, IM, and psychosocial functioning over time? One hundred and thirty individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from 4 community-based psychosocial rehabilitation programs in urban Los Angeles. Measures of neurocognition were taken at baseline and 12 months. Measures of IM, psychosocial functioning, and symptoms were taken at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

Copper-mediated N-heteroarylation of primary sulfonamides: synthesis of mono-N-heteroaryl sulfonamides.

We describe the coupling of primary sulfonamides and various halogenated heterocyclic cores, with an emphasis on 2-heteroaryl halides, via copper catalysis. These studies enabled the synthesis of many new mono-N-heteroaryl sulfonamides. The electronic factors that influence the course of the reaction have also been investigated.

Service priority and standard performance of community mental health centers in South Korea: a delphi approach.

Objective: The role of community mental health centers (CMHCs) in Korea is quite different than that of these centers in Western countries due to nation-specific health care system characteristics. For example, CMHCs of Korea are expected to provide services for serious mental illness in addition to other services in response to community needs, such as internet addiction of adolescents. Consequently, it is important to determine service priorities of CMHCs and to define standard service performances in order to maximize their effectiveness with limited resources.

Neurocognitive change, functional change and service intensity during community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for schizophrenia.

Background: This study examined the magnitude of neurocognitive change during 1 year of community-based psychosocial intervention, whether neurocognitive change and functional change were linked, and how neurocognitive change combined with service intensity to facilitate functional change.

Method: A total of 130 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited upon admission to four community-based psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Subjects were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months on role functioning and symptom measures.

Intrinsic motivation, neurocognition and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia: testing mediator and moderator effects.

Background: This study examined the nature of the relationships among neurocognition, intrinsic motivation, and psychosocial functioning for persons with schizophrenia. Hypotheses concerning both mediator and moderator mechanisms were tested.

Method: 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited as they entered outpatient psychosocial rehabilitation programs.

Delayed presentation of a patient with a ruptured diaphragm complicated by gastric incarceration and perforation after apparently minor blunt trauma.

Rupture of the diaphragm is almost always due to major trauma and is most commonly associated with road-traffic accidents. We report a case of delayed presentation of a 35-year-old woman with a ruptured diaphragm, 11 days following apparent minor blunt trauma. This case illustrates how the diagnosis of ruptured diaphragm can be missed and demonstrates the importance of considering this diagnosis in all cases of blunt trauma to the trunk.

How neurocognition and social cognition influence functional change during community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study was to assess how neurocognition and social cognition were associated with initial functional level and with rates of functional change in intensive community-based psychosocial rehabilitation interventions that have been shown to yield significant functional change for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. We also examined how service intensity was associated with rates of change and whether it served as a moderator of the relationship between functional change and both neurocognition and social cognition. The sample consisted of 125 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were recruited upon admission to 1 of 4 community-based psychosocial rehabilitation facilities and were followed prospectively for 12 months.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography management of common bile duct stones in a surgical unit.

Background: Choledocholithiasis, if left untreated, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The management of such a problem has progressed tremendously but controversy still exists as to ideal management, laparoscopic exploration or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with sphincterotomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a surgical unit.

Bilateral spontaneous rupture of the muscular branch of the superficial femoral artery with pseudoaneurysm formation.

Superficial femoral artery muscular branch avulsion may occasionally be associated with blunt trauma in the absence of fractures or even minor injuries. Spontaneous rupture of the superficial femoral artery or its muscular branches is extremely rare, with only five previously reported cases. We report the first case of bilateral spontaneous rupture of the muscular branch of the superficial femoral artery with pseudoaneurysm formation in a young, healthy patient.

Traumatic epidural emphysema.

Study Design: This is a case report.

Objective: A rare case of epidural emphysema secondary to traumatic pneumomediastinum in the absence of pneumothorax is reported.

Summary Of Background Data: Epidural air secondary to traumatic pneumomediastinum in the absence of pneumothorax has only been reported previously by Willing.

Mirizzi syndrome: noteworthy aspects of a retrospective study in one centre.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome is uncommon. It is, however, clinically important, as it is associated with an increased incidence of bile duct injury and demands more complex surgical techniques.

Methods: A retrospective review of 24 consecutive cases of Mirizzi syndrome that arose between January 1997 and July 2002 was performed.

Adult intussusception: experience in Singapore.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal intussusception is an uncommon clinical entity in adults and is interestingly distinct from its paediatric form. In adults an identifiable lead lesion is found in the majority of cases, of which a significant percentage are malignant. Its treatment is thus different from that of paediatric intussusception.

Adjuvant postoperative 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy combined with pelvic radiation for rectal cancer: results from an Asian population.

Prospective randomized clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of combined adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical resection of rectal cancer. To assess toxicity of this therapy, prospective data were collected from 236 Asian rectal cancer patients treated with combined 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Almost 82% of patients completed planned therapy.

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a survey of general surgeons in Singapore.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading malignancy among women in Singapore. In the West as many as 30% of eligible patients undergo some form of reconstruction, but in Singapore breast reconstruction is not often performed.

Methods: A postal survey of general surgeons in Singapore (response rate of 46%) was conducted to ascertain the factors influencing their decision to refer for reconstruction and the possible concerns they had about reconstruction.

Induction of cellular immunity by immunization with novel hybrid peptides complexed to heat shock protein 70.

Heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70) derived from tissues and cells can elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against peptides bound to hsp70. However, peptides can markedly differ in their affinity for hsp, and this potentially limits the repertoire of peptides available to induce CTL by the hsp immunization. Hybrid peptides consisting of a high-affinity ligand for the peptide-binding site of hsp70 joined to T cell epitopes by a glycine-serine-glycine linker were constructed.