The genomic and clinical consequences of replacing procarbazine with dacarbazine in escalated BEACOPP for Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective, observational study.

Background: Procarbazine-containing chemotherapy regimens are associated with cytopenias and infertility, suggesting stem-cell toxicity. When treating Hodgkin lymphoma, procarbazine in escalated-dose bleomycin-etoposide-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-vincristine-procarbazine-prednisolone (eBEACOPP) is increasingly replaced with dacarbazine (eBEACOPDac) to reduce toxicity. We aimed to investigate the impact of this drug substitution on the mutation burden in stem cells, patient survival, and toxicity.

Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria flourish at dark water-ice interfaces of an emerged Arctic cold seep.

Below their ice shells, icy moons may offer a source of chemical energy that could support microbial life in the absence of light. In the Arctic, past and present glacial retreat leads to isostatic uplift of sediments through which cold and methane-saturated groundwater travels. This fluid reaches the surface and freezes as hill-shaped icings during winter, producing dark ice-water interfaces above water ponds containing chemical energy sources.

Ra isotope perspective on the hydrology and continuity of permafrost in the high Arctic.

The continuous permafrost in the valleys of Svalbard is dotted by pingos, which are small hills formed by the near surface freezing of ascending groundwater. In this study, we used H and Ra isotopes to inquire into the sub-surface residence time of groundwater discharging at these pingos. While its low H suggests that the pingo-associated groundwater is basically not modern (i.

The distinctive weathering crust habitat of a High Arctic glacier comprises discrete microbial micro-habitats.

Sunlight penetrates the ice surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets, forming a water-bearing porous ice matrix known as the weathering crust. This crust is home to a significant microbial community. Despite the potential implications of microbial processes in the weathering crust for glacial melting, biogeochemical cycles, and downstream ecosystems, there have been few explorations of its microbial communities.

Targeting methanotrophs and isolation of a novel psychrophilic Methylobacter species from a terrestrial Arctic alkaline methane seep in Lagoon Pingo, Central Spitsbergen (78° N).

The microbial diversity associated with terrestrial groundwater seepage through permafrost soils is tightly coupled to the geochemistry of these fluids. Terrestrial alkaline methane seeps from Lagoon Pingo, Central Spitsbergen (78°N) in Norway, with methane-saturated and oxygen-limited groundwater discharge providing a potential habitat for methanotrophy. Here, we report on the microbial community's comparative analyses and distribution patterns at two sites close to Lagoon Pingo's methane emission source.

The reverse stethoscope technique: a rapid intervention for old age hearing loss.

Objectives: Presbycusis is highly prevalent, affecting between a third and two-thirds of elderly populations. Effective communication between patient and physician has been shown to directly correlate with the quality of patient care. The Reverse Stethoscope Technique (RST) involves placing the earpieces into the patient's ears and speaking into the diaphragm.

Ibrutinib as first-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma: a multicenter, real-world UK study.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, ibrutinib with or without rituximab was approved in England for initial treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) instead of immunochemotherapy. Because limited data are available in this setting, we conducted an observational cohort study evaluating safety and efficacy. Adults receiving ibrutinib with or without rituximab for untreated MCL were evaluated for treatment toxicity, response, and survival, including outcomes in high-risk MCL (TP53 mutation/deletion/p53 overexpression, blastoid/pleomorphic, or Ki67 ≥ 30%).

Icescape-scale metabolomics reveals cyanobacterial and topographic control of the core metabolism of the cryoconite ecosystem of an Arctic ice cap.

Glaciers host ecosystems comprised of biodiverse and active microbiota. Among glacial ecosystems, less is known about the ecology of ice caps since most studies focus on valley glaciers or ice sheet margins. Previously we detailed the microbiota of one such high Arctic ice cap, focusing on cryoconite as a microbe-mineral aggregate formed by cyanobacteria.

Short-term effects of a high-severity summer wildfire on conifer forest moth (Lepidoptera) communities in New Mexico, USA.

Forest fires in North America are becoming larger in area and burning with higher severity as a result of climate change and land management practices. High-severity, stand-replacement fires can inflict major changes to forest insect communities, potentially extirpating many species through altered post-fire habitat resources. We assessed forest-dwelling macrolepidopteran moth communities in mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests during the first year after the 2011 Las Conchas fire in New Mexico, USA.

Statistical learning across passive listening adjusts perceptual weights of speech input dimensions.

Statistical learning across passive exposure has been theoretically situated with unsupervised learning. However, when input statistics accumulate over established representations - like speech syllables, for example - there is the possibility that prediction derived from activation of rich, existing representations may support error-driven learning. Here, across five experiments, we present evidence for error-driven learning across passive speech listening.

Levels and distribution profiles of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a high Arctic Svalbard ice core.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of persistent organic contaminants of which some are toxic and bioaccumulative. Several PFAS can be formed from the atmospheric degradation of precursors such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) as well as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCs) and other ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement compounds. Svalbard ice cores have been shown to provide a valuable record of long-range atmospheric transport of contaminants to the Arctic.

A Real-Time PCR Assay to Detect and Quantify Root-Knot Nematodes from Soil Extracts.

Root-knot nematodes cause forking and stubbing of the growing carrot root tip, decreasing market value and reducing yield by up to 45%. Since crop damage by these nematodes depends on their initial population densities at planting, preplant detection of potentially low nematode numbers is critical for predicting future yield loss. The aim of this study was to overcome some of the drawbacks of the labor- and time-intensive process of root-knot nematode identification and quantification by developing and field testing a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay.

A qualitative study about how families coped with managing their well-being, children's physical activity and education during the COVID-19 school closures in England.

In 2020, schools in England closed for six months due to COVID-19, resulting in children being home-schooled. There is limited understanding about the impacts of this on children's mental and physical health and their education. Therefore, we explored how families coped with managing these issues during the school closures.

Managing relapsed refractory lymphoma with palliative oral chemotherapy: A multicentre retrospective study.

PEP-C (prednisolone, etoposide, procarbazine and cyclophosphamide) is an orally administered daily chemotherapy regimen used with palliative intent in relapsed refractory lymphoma. To our knowledge, no data on PEP-C have been reported since the original group described the regimen. Here we present a multicentre retrospective cohort reporting our use of PEP-C in 92 patients over an 8-year period.

A Qualitative Study Evaluating the Factors Affecting Families' Adherence to the First COVID-19 Lockdown in England Using the COM-B Model and TDF.

The ability of families to adhere to public health guidance is critical to controlling a pandemic. We conducted qualitative interviews with 30 parents of children aged 18 and under, between 16 and 21 April 2020 when schools in England were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we classified the factors that influenced adherence to seven non-pharmaceutical interventions.

COVID-19 survey burden for health care workers: literature review and audit.

Objectives: Concerns have been raised about the quantity and quality of research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly related to the mental health and wellbeing of health care workers (HCWs). For understanding the volume, source, methodological rigour and degree of overlap in COVID-19, studies were conducted among HCWs in the United Kingdom (UK).

Study Design: Mixed methods approach, literature review and audit.

Nursing students' experiences of mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study.

Introduction: Acute psychological stress is commonly experienced by university students as they transition through a new learning environment; however, uncontrolled and long-term stress, such as that experienced due to the global respiratory pandemic, contributes to a severe decline in the physical and mental health of nursing students and decreases their academic success. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of mental wellness as lived by nursing students and to understand how nursing students were coping with the impact of COVID-19.

Methods: Individual interviews were used as a data collection method in this qualitative study, guided by descriptive phenomenology.

A Rapid Systematic Review of Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Minority Ethnic Groups in the UK.

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. To maximise the effectiveness of the vaccination programme, it is important to understand and address disparities in vaccine uptake. The aim of this review was to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination uptake between minority ethnic groups in the UK.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in patients older than 65 years: analysis of 3 year Real World data of practice patterns and outcomes in England.

Background: We wished to examine treatment and outcome patterns in older diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, with a focus on the effect of route-to-diagnosis to outcome.

Methods: Data were extracted from Public Health England's National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service between 2013 and 2015 included route-to-diagnosis, disease characteristics and survival for 9186 patients ≥65 years. Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy data identified front-line regimens, cycles and doses.

Factors influencing practitioners' who do not participate in ethically complex, legally available care: scoping review.

Background: Evolving medical technology, advancing biomedical and drug research, and changing laws and legislation impact patients' healthcare options and influence healthcare practitioners' (HCPs') practices. Conscientious objection policy confusion and variability can arise as it may occasionally be unclear what underpins non-participation. Our objective was to identify, analyze, and synthesize the factors that influenced HCPs who did not participate in ethically complex, legally available healthcare.

Parental attitudes towards mandatory vaccination; a systematic review.

Uptake of childhood vaccines is decreasing. While mandatory vaccination schemes can increase vaccine uptake rates, they can also cause backlash among some parents. We conducted a systematic review investigating parental beliefs about vaccine mandates and factors associated with support for mandatory vaccination schemes.

Parental perceptions of COVID-19-like illness in their children.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to explore parents' perceptions of COVID-19-like symptoms in their child and attitudes towards isolating from others in the household when unwell.

Study Design: The study used qualitative, semistructured interviews.

Methods: The study involved thirty semistructured telephone interviews with parents of children between 4 and 18 years.

The Principle of Least Effort and Comprehension of Spoken Sentences by Younger and Older Adults.

There is considerable evidence that listeners' understanding of a spoken sentence need not always follow from a full analysis of the words and syntax of the utterance. Rather, listeners may instead conduct a superficial analysis, sampling some words and using presumed plausibility to arrive at an understanding of the sentence meaning. Because this latter strategy occurs more often for sentences with complex syntax that place a heavier processing burden on the listener than sentences with simpler syntax, shallow processing may represent a resource conserving strategy reflected in reduced processing effort.