[Intrathecal infusion of the antineoplastic agents for meningeal dissemination].

One of the specific forms of progression of malignant tumors of the central nervous system is meningeal dissemination. Meningeal dissemination is a condition in which tumor cells migrate to the brain surface and sub arachnoid space via cerebrospinal fluid and then infiltrate there. This condition can arise from both primary and metastatic brain tumors, with reported incidences of 4.

Anti-convulsant effect of electrical stimulation and lesioning of the anterior thalamic nucleus on kainic acid-induced focal limbic seizure in rats.

Purpose: We examined the effect of electrical stimulation and lesioning of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) on focal limbic seizures induced by intraamygdaloid kainic acid (KA) injection in a rat model. To address the mechanism underlying these anti-convulsant actions, cerebral glucose metabolism following ANT electrical stimulation and lesioning was also assessed.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five major groups: control, unilateral and bilateral ANT electrical stimulation, and unilateral and bilateral ANT lesioning.

The effect of electrical stimulation and lesioning of the anterior thalamic nucleus on kainic acid-induced focal cortical seizure status in rats.

Purpose: The present study aimed to clarify the effect of electrical stimulation and lesioning of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) on kainic acid (KA)-induced focal cortical seizures in a rat model. To address the mechanism underlying these anticonvulsant actions, cerebral glucose metabolism after ANT electrical stimulation and lesioning was also examined.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five major groups: control (n = 9), unilateral (n = 9), and bilateral (n = 9) ANT electrical stimulation, and unilateral (n = 9) and bilateral (n = 9) ANT lesioning.

Focal cortical dysplasia: pathophysiological approach.

Overview: Clinical and experimental studies on focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) were carried out.

Materials And Methods: For the experimental study, an experimental FCD model of rats was developed. Twenty Wistar rats at 0-2 days after birth were used for the study.

Clinical application of experimental cortical dysplasia in rats.

This report details clinical and experimental studies of focal cortical dysplasia. The first part deals with 14 surgical cases of children with intractable epilepsy. At surgery, intraoperative electrocorticography was performed to localize the epileptic foci under neuroleptanalgesia.

Capillary hemangioma of the central nervous system.

Object: Capillary hemangiomas are benign tumors or tumorlike lesions that originate from blood vessels and have rarely been reported to develop in the brain or spinal cord. The authors summarize the clinical and histological features of capillary hemangiomas of the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: The clinical features, imaging characteristics, and outcomes in 10 patients with CNS capillary hemangiomas were reviewed.

Clinical and experimental studies of epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia.

The results of clinical and experimental studies on epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are presented. We have been interested in the findings of abnormal increases in the numbers of small vessels in specimens of FCD resected from epilepsy patients. In the clinical study of 13 patients with epilepsy, specimens of FCD or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) were examined using immunohistochemistry.

Basic science and epilepsy: experimental epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy surgery, as is employed for the management of intractable seizures, was performed in animals harboring a seizure focus induced by a local application of kainic acid (KA). Amygdalo-hippocampectomy failed to stop spontaneous seizures in the contralateral hippocampus. Callosotomy inhibited seizure propagation to the contralateral sensori-motor cortex.

[A case of a multiple sclerosis with severe perifocal edema].

We present a case of tumoral multiple sclerosis in a 66-year-old male and emphasize two clinical features: (1) Multiple well-demarcated massive enhanced lesions except for the central area, which was accompanied with severe perifocal edema, occurred within the cerebral hemispheres and should be strongly considered in the diagnosis of mass lesions. The patient underwent partial removal of the mass lesion. The initial histopathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen was astrocytoma grade II.

Vascular abnormalities in surgical specimens obtained from the resected focus of intractable epilepsy.

The histopathological features, particularly hypervascularity, were examined in specimens resected from 21 patients, 15 with intractable epilepsy accompanying cortical dysplasia or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), and 6 with benign brain tumors, such as ganglioglioma and low-grade glioma. Hypervascularity was found in resected specimens from 15 of the 21 patients (71.4%) and in 10 of the 12 patients (83.

[A case of the syndrome of the sinking skin flap: case report].

A case of "the syndrome of the sinking skin flap" was presented. A 40-year-old-man had suffered from severe SAH 9 months before. An aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery was successfully clipped and the bone flap was removed for the purpose of the external decompression.

Image-guided epilepsy surgery.

Interactive image-guided techniques used in conjunction with three-dimensional images allow accurate planning and performance of a variety of neurosurgical procedures. The frameless stereotactic Viewing Wand System was used to provide real-time correlation of the operating field and computerized images in over 22 neurosurgical operations carried out for intractable epilepsy. The overall results of the surgery demonstrated favorable results, with class 1 + class 2 outcomes in 86.

[A case of a traumatic anterior cerebral artery aneurysm following the penetration of the skull base by an iron rod].

A 61-year-old male fell from a position 1 m high when building a house. An iron rod, which protruded upward from a solid base in cement, penetrated this patient's neck 15 cm to the head and was successfully extracted by himself. On admission, he complained of headache and vomiting.

Sequential change of capillary permeability in the rat brain after surgical removal of an experimental brain tumor.

Experimental brain tumors were excised from rats for sequential observation of changes in local capillary permeability during the postsurgical period. Experimental brain tumor-bearing rats were prepared by stereotaxic transplantation of cultured tumor cells and the resultant tumor was delineated by administration of a dye. Following excision of the stained tumor by craniotomy, sequential changes in local capillary permeability were quantitatively followed-up by autoradiography, using 14C-amino-isobutyric acid as a tracer.

Delivery of a novel nitrosourea, MCNU, to the brain tissue in glioma-bearing rats. Intracarotid versus intravenous infusion.

We observed the tissue delivery of a novel water-soluble nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitros our ea (MCNU) in rats bearing experimental brain tumors by conducting autoradiography on all. Prior to this study, the development of a streaming phenomenon was ascertained (and thus finding the optimum velocity for intra-arterial infusion) by 14C-iodoantipyrine (IAP) autoradiography. Furthermore, a single pass extraction value of MCNU was measured.

[Spontaneous disappearance of aneurysm after total removal of accompanying intracranial arteriovenous malformation. Case report].

A 55-year-old male was hospitalized with severe headache. On admission, neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed a slightly high-density area in the medial surface of the right parietal lobe.

Diffuse low-density areas in white matter on CT scans after intracarotid ACNU infusion--report of three cases.

Since 1984, we have treated 11 malignant glioma patients with intracarotid infusion of ACNU [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)- 3-nitrosourea hydrochloride] in addition to surgical removal and irradiation. We experienced three patients, who showed clinical manifestation of leukoencephalopathy and computed tomographic (CT) findings of diffuse low-density areas in the white matter on the side of ACNU infusion. Two of the three patients showed an additional CT finding of ring enhancement in the temporo-occipital region.

[Effect of trihexyphenidyl-HCL on posttraumatic prolonged disturbance of consciousness: report of two cases].

Cases involving two patients who presented post-traumatic prolonged disturbance of consciousness (PTPDC), namely akinetic mutism, and recovered from it after treatment with trihexyphenidyl were reported. Case 1: A seventy-one-year-old farmer. Five months after head injury, when he was first admitted to us, he was stable with signs of oligokinesia, katatonic posture, speechlessness, rigid muscle tones and positive cog-wheel phenomenon.

[Sacral perineural cyst--report of a case].

The presence of cysts within the sacral spinal canal, so-called sacral cysts, is described in literature. These include 'sacral perineural cyst', 'sacral extradural cyst', 'occult intrasacral meningocele' and 'anterior sacral meningocele'. Sacral perineural cyst in these cystic disorders was first described as an incidental autopsy finding by Tarlov in 1938.

[An autopsy case of malignant schwannoma in the brachial plexus extending into the spinal canal].

A 40-year-old woman had pain and numbness in the left upper extremity, on Dec. 1982. These symptoms progressed gradually.