HER2-positive grade 1 invasive carcinomas of the breast.

Aims: The American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists HER2-guidelines recommend repeat testing for most grade 1 mammary carcinomas that are HER2-positive in the core biopsy. This study aimed to assess the value of repeat HER2-testing and the histological features of HER2-positive grade 1 carcinomas.

Methods And Results: A case-series of HER2-results of grade 1 carcinomas was conducted of patients with no pre-operative systemic treatment over a 5-year period.

Should a borderline negative HER2 result in a core biopsy of invasive carcinoma of the breast have HER2 assessment repeated in the excision specimen?

Aim: The 2015 UK guidelines for HER2 assessment in breast cancer recommended repeat assessment if the core biopsy was scored as 2+ on HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) with borderline negative in situ hybridisation (ratio of number of HER2 to chromosome 17 centromere copies of 1.8-1.99).

Preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast over a 24-year period.

Aims: The method of diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed since the 1980s. The aim of this audit was to assess changes in the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS since the introduction of needle core biopsy, particularly the proportion with a preoperative biopsy diagnosis of DCIS.

Methods And Results: The preoperative diagnoses of patients with a final diagnosis of DCIS in the surgical specimen were reviewed (i) in 809 patients who presented through breast screening from 1997 to 2021, and (ii) in all patients in 5 individual years at 5-year intervals from 2000 to 2020 (254 in total).

Second opinion (external specialist referral) practice of breast pathology: the Nottingham experience.

Aims: Breast pathology is a challenging field, and discrepancies in diagnoses exist and can affect patient management. This study aims to review a breast referral practice and assess the pattern and frequency of breast lesions sent for an external expert review and evaluate potential impacts on patients' care.

Methods And Results: Seven hundred and forty cases that were referred to Nottingham City Hospital for a second opinion between 2019 and 2022 which have slides and reports were retrieved and reviewed.

[Changes in the care of peripheral vascular disease at the University of Szeged].

Introduction and aims. In recent decades health care changes have accelerated enormously. Previously, by learning an effective procedure, the doctor could guarantee his patients the highest level of care for many years.

[Early and late graftectomies in patients during a 5-year period - single unit data from the Department of Surgery, University of Szeged].

Introduction. The rate of graft failure after kidney transplantation is 7–10% in the first year and 3–5% in subsequent years. The indication and exact timing of graftectomy is a matter of debate in some cases, particularly in the case of asymptomatic grafts that are no longer functioning.

Correlations of morphological features and surgical management with clinical outcome in a multicentre study of 241 phyllodes tumours of the breast.

Aims: Phyllodes tumours (PTs) represent an unusual but complex group of breast lesions with a tendency to recur locally and, less commonly, metastasise. On core biopsies, their appearances can be difficult to discriminate from those of other fibroepithelial lesions, which may compromise their surgical management. The aims of this study were to assess the preoperative diagnosis of PTs and to evaluate the impacts of surgical management and morphological features on their behaviour.

Histological clues to the diagnosis of metastasis to the breast from extramammary malignancies.

Aims: The aims of this study were to review the histological features useful for the identification of metastases to the breast and to investigate the impression that this diagnosis has become more common.

Methods And Results: The histological features of metastases to the breast from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed. Seventy-four biopsies from 66 patients were identified: 1% compared with primary carcinoma of the breast.

Defining a threshold for tacrolimus intra-patient variability associated with late acute cellular rejection in paediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Late acute cellular rejection (LACR) is associated with poorer graft outcomes and non-adherence. Non-adherence to tacrolimus can be indirectly assessed by the intra-patient variability (IPV) of tacrolimus trough levels. The threshold of IPV associated with rejection is not known.

[Treatment of osteomyelitis in diabetes mellitus. Case report].

The authors summarize the medical history of a patient with impaired healing of a wound in the sole of foot. The 63-year-old male patient had a second-degree burn in the sole of the left foot as he stepped on the hot concrete after taking off his slipper. On admission to our department, local wound management had already been started, his wound showed no healing tendency.

[Changes in carbohydrate metabolism after kidney transplantation and their effects on cardiovascular risk].

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of deaths after transplantation, with diabetes mellitus being the main risk factor in development.

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of new onset diabetes mellitus in connection with the cardiovascular risk predicted by the HEART Score.

Method: 44 patients were involved in our study; after overview of baseline data, OGTT was performed, followed by patient classification into the following groups: normal, impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, and new onset diabetes mellitus.

Immunoprofile of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast.

Aims: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of breast cancer; its diagnosis in routine practice can be challenging, and may require immunohistochemical (IHC) characterization if no conventional invasive or in-situ carcinoma is present. Previous IHC studies of MBC often had a small sample size and did not investigate the different histological subtypes. This study aimed to assess the immunoprofile of MBC subtypes in a large series.

Diagnostic concordance of breast pathologists: lessons from the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme Pathology External Quality Assurance Scheme.

Aims: Previous concordance studies examining accuracy of breast diagnosis by pathologists, typically targeting difficult, histologically challenging breast lesions using artificial and restrictive environments, have reported aberrantly high levels of diagnostic discordance. The results of these studies may be misinterpreted by non-pathologists and raise concerns relating to routine practice. This study aims to assess the diagnostic agreement among UK breast pathologists.

Peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering in early and advanced transplant glomerulopathy: quantitative parameters and diagnostic aspects.

The ultrastructural quantitative aspects of peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering (PTCBML) were examined in 57 kidney transplant biopsies with transplant glomerulopathy (TG). The measurements included three cutoffs [permissive: 1 PTC with 5 basement membrane (BM) layers, intermediate: 3 PTCs with 5 layers or 1 PTC with 7 layers, strict: 1 PTC with 7 layers and 2 PTCs with 5 layers] and the mean number of BM layers (PTC). Two groups were assigned, namely patients with mild TG (Banff cg1a and cg1b) and those with moderate-to-severe TG (cg2 and cg3).

Genetic analysis of microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas of the breast provides evidence for the existence of a low-grade triple-negative breast neoplasia family.

Acinic cell carcinoma is an indolent form of invasive breast cancer, whereas microglandular adenosis has been shown to be a neoplastic proliferation. Both entities display a triple-negative phenotype, and may give rise to and display somatic genomic alterations typical of high-grade triple-negative breast cancers. Here we report on a comparison of previously published data on eight carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and eight acinic cell carcinomas subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 236 genes recurrently mutated in breast cancer and/or DNA repair-related.

[Banff score changes in kidneys from marginal donors].

Introduction: Despite an increase in the number of cadaver donors and the number of overall organ transplantations, the dramatic increase in the waiting list makes it necessary to reconsider donor criteria.

Aim: The authors examined whether differences could exist in the function and/or morphology of transplanted kidneys originated from marginal and ideal donors one and five years after transplantation.

Method: Kidney function and histopathologic findings were analysed and compared one and 5 years after transplantation in 97 patients having marginal donor kidneys and 178 patients who received ideal donor kidneys.

Breast lesions of uncertain malignant nature and limited metastatic potential: proposals to improve their recognition and clinical management.

Breast lesions comprise a family of heterogeneous entities with variable patterns of presentation, morphology and clinical behaviour. The majority of breast lesions are classified traditionally into benign and malignant conditions and their behaviour can, in the vast majority of cases, be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy. However, there remain lesions which show borderline features and lie in a grey zone between benign and malignant, as their behaviour cannot be predicted reliably.

Breast Neoplasms with Dermal Analogue Differentiation (Mammary Cylindroma): Report of 3 Cases and a Proposal for a New Terminology.

Salivary gland-like and dermal analogue tumours of the breast are rare lesions that can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists. Data on the clinical behaviour and molecular characterisation of these mammary tumours are limited and their designation is mainly based on similar salivary gland or skin lesions. In this study, we present three cylindromatous breast tumours.

Pleomorphic adenoma-like tumour of the breast.

Aims: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the breast is a rare tumour seen usually in postmenopausal women. Although PA of the salivary glands (SG) is recognized to be a benign tumour, the nature and biology of similar tumours seen in the breast remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to describe PA of the breast that was reported on core biopsy as an invasive matrix-producing metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC).

[Frequency of T-cell mediated rejection in new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation].

Introduction: New-onset diabetes is one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation.

Aim: The aims of the authors were to examine the frequency of new-onset diabetes mellitus in kidney transplanted patients receiving cyclosporine A (n = 95) and tacrolimus (n = 102) and to analyze the occurrence of T-cell mediated rejection in these two groups of patients.

Method: Age, laboratory results, renal function and histological findings were evaluated one year after kidney transplantation.

The repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of acinic cell carcinomas of the breast: an exploratory, hypothesis-generating study.

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare form of triple-negative (that is, oestrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, HER2-negative) salivary gland-type tumour displaying serous acinar differentiation. Despite its triple-negative phenotype, breast ACCs are reported to have an indolent clinical behaviour. Here, we sought to define whether ACCs have a mutational repertoire distinct from that of other triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs).

Are acinic cell carcinomas of the breast and salivary glands distinct diseases?

Aims: Acinic cell carcinomas (AcCC) of the breast have been reported to constitute the breast counterpart of salivary gland AcCCs, based on the similarities of their histological and immunohistochemical features. Breast AcCC is a vanishingly rare form of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recent studies have demonstrated that in TNBCs, the two driver genes most frequently mutated are TP53 (82%) and PIK3CA (10%).

The effect of delay in fixation on HER2 expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast assessed with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation.

Aims: Accurate assessment of HER2 status is essential for selection of patients for HER2-targeted treatment such as trastuzumab. This study investigated the hypothesis that delayed fixation impairs HER2 assessment.

Methods: 9 carcinomas were received fresh, and samples were fixed immediately or put in fixative at time intervals up to 24 h.

Remote conditioning or erythropoietin before surgery primes kidneys to clear ischemia-reperfusion-damaged cells: a renoprotective mechanism?

Acute kidney injury is common, serious with no specific treatment. Ischemia-reperfusion is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinical trials suggest that preoperative erythropoietin (EPO) or remote ischemic preconditioning may have a renoprotective effect.

The microRNA maturation regulator Drosha is an independent predictor of outcome in breast cancer patients.

Drosha is a protein that plays a key role in the biogenesis of microRNAs which are well known to be deranged in human breast cancer (BC). The purpose of the current study was to assess the biological and prognostic value of Drosha protein expression in BC. Drosha protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in two sets of BC: (1) full-face sections of selected BC series with distinct stages of tumour progression (Normal parenchymal cells, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), primary invasive BC and nodal metastases) to evaluate its differential expression, (2) tissue microarray comprising a large and well-characterised series of unselected clinically annotated invasive BC to investigate its correlation with clinicopathological features and patient outcome.