Permissive Hypercapnia, Alveolar Recruitment and Low Airway Pressure (PHARLAP): a protocol for a phase 2 trial in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention that maintains gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, it is associated with high mortality and it may augment, or even initiate, lung injury. An open lung ventilation strategy that combines alveolar recruitment manoeuvres with individually titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and targeting lower tidal volumes, or driving pressures by a permissive approach to hypercapnia, may reduce the lung injury associated with mechanical ventilation. This protocol reports the rationale, study design and analysis plan of the Permissive Hypercapnia, Alveolar Recruitment and Low Airway Pressure (PHARLAP) trial.

A new genus and species of felt scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Eriococcidae) from New Caledonia on an endemic species of Casuarinaceae.

A new genus of Eriococcidae, Dzumacoccus Hodgson gen. n., is erected for a new species, Dzumacoccus baylaci Hodgson, Germain Matile-Ferrero, feeding on Gymnostoma poissonianum, a species of Casuarinaceae endemic to New Caledonia.

Late organ failures in patients with prolonged intensive care unit stays.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the organ failures that develop among patients with prolonged ICU stays, defined as those who spent a minimum of 14 days in an ICU.

Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of consecutive patients from a university hospital who were in an ICU for a minimum of 14 days during 2014-2016. We calculated daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores from admission to ICU day 14.

Early Mobilization of Patients in Intensive Care: Organization, Communication and Safety Factors that Influence Translation into Clinical Practice.

Please change the first sentence to: This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.

The stable oxygen isotope ratio of resin extractable phosphate derived from fresh cattle faeces.

Rationale: Phosphorus losses from agriculture pose an environmental threat to watercourses. A new approach using the stable oxygen isotope ratio of oxygen in phosphate (δ O value) may help elucidate some phosphorus sources and cycling. Accurately determined and isotopically distinct source values are essential for this process.

Position paper for the organization of ECMO programs for cardiac failure in adults.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used increasingly for both respiratory and cardiac failure in adult patients. Indications for ECMO use in cardiac failure include severe refractory cardiogenic shock, refractory ventricular arrhythmia, active cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest, and acute or decompensated right heart failure. Evidence is emerging to guide the use of this therapy for some of these indications, but there remains a need for additional evidence to guide best practices.

Cell Death, Inflammation, Tumor Burden, and Proliferation Blood Biomarkers Predict Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Response and Correlate With Tumor Volume and Proliferation Imaging.

Introduction: There is an unmet need to develop noninvasive biomarkers to stratify patients in drug-radiotherapy trials. In this pilot study we investigated lung cancer radiotherapy response and toxicity blood biomarkers and correlated findings with tumor volume and proliferation imaging.

Patients And Methods: Blood samples were collected before and during (day 21) radiotherapy.

A new species of Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Malaysia.

The adult female, first-instar nymph, second-instar male, third-instar female, pupa and adult male of a new species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Malaysia, M. ulubendulensis Łagowska & Martin sp. n.

Physical Function in Subjects Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Before or After Lung Transplantation.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a rescue therapy before and after lung transplantation, but little is known about functional recovery or complications after ECMO in this cohort. This study aimed to describe early physical function and leg complications in subjects who received ECMO before or after lung transplantation, and to compare functional outcomes to a matched cohort of subjects who did not require ECMO.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 2 years.

Prone Position for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale: The application of prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has evolved, with recent trials focusing on patients with more severe ARDS, and applying prone ventilation for more prolonged periods.

Objectives: This review evaluates the effect of prone positioning on 28-day mortality (primary outcome) compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in the supine position for adults with ARDS.

Methods: We updated the literature search from a systematic review published in 2010, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (through to August 2016).

Delivery of full predicted energy from nutrition and the effect on mortality in critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: The amount of energy required to improve clinical outcomes in critically ill adults is unknown.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of near target energy delivery to critically ill adults on mortality and other clinically relevant outcomes.

Design: Following PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating nutrition interventions in adult critical care populations.

Long-Term Quality of Life After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in ARDS Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly prevalent treatment for acute respiratory failure (ARF). To evaluate the impact of ECMO support on long-term outcomes for critically ill adults with ARF.

Methods: We searched electronic databases 1948 through to November 30 2016; selected controlled trials or observational studies of critically ill adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, examining long-term morbidity specifically health-related quality of life (HRQL); 2 authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality.

Lung Recruitment Maneuvers for Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale: In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung recruitment maneuvers (LRMs) may prevent ventilator-induced lung injury and improve survival.

Objectives: To summarize the current evidence in support of the use of LRMs in adult patients with ARDS and to inform the recently published American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline on mechanical ventilation in ARDS.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing mechanical ventilation strategies with and without LRMs.

Higher PEEP versus Lower PEEP Strategies for Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale: Higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels may reduce atelectrauma, but increase over-distention lung injury. Whether higher PEEP improves clinical outcomes among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unclear.

Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes of mechanical ventilation strategies using higher PEEP levels versus lower PEEP strategies in patients with ARDS.

High-Frequency Oscillation for Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale: By minimizing tidal lung strain and maintaining alveolar recruitment, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) may protect against ventilator-induced lung injury.

Objectives: To summarize the current evidence in support of the use of HFOV in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing mortality rates with the use of HFOV versus conventional mechanical ventilation for adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Characterisation and risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in gastrointestinal cancers.

Aim: To characterise venous thromboembolism (VTE) in gastrointestinal cancer and assess the clinical utility of risk stratification scoring.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using electronic patient records of 910 gastro-oesophageal (GO) cancer and 1299 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients referred to a tertiary cancer centre to identify the incidence of VTE, its relationship to chemotherapy and impact on survival. VTE risk scores were calculated using the Khorana index.

Erratum to: The impact of disability in survivors of critical illness.

In the Results section, under the subheading "Return to work or usual activities", the second sentence should read.

Radiation dose to heart base linked with poorer survival in lung cancer patients.

Background: Advances in radiotherapy (RT) have allowed an increased proportion of lung cancer patients to be treated curatively. High doses delivered to critical thoracic organs can result in excess mortality with tolerance doses poorly defined. This work presents a novel method of identifying anatomical dose-sensitive regions within the thorax.

Low Tidal Volume versus Non-Volume-Limited Strategies for Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale: Trials investigating use of lower tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have shown mixed results.

Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes of mechanical ventilation strategies that limit tidal volumes and inspiratory pressures (LTV) to strategies with tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml/kg among patients with ARDS.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating LTV mechanical ventilation strategies.

The rapid and accurate categorisation of critically ill patients (RACE) to identify outcomes of interest for longitudinal studies: a feasibility study.

The capacity to measure the impact of an intervention on long-term functional outcomes might be improved if research methodology reflected our clinical approach, which is to individualise goals of care to what is achievable for each patient. The objective of this multicentre inception cohort study was to evaluate the feasibility of rapidly and accurately categorising patients, who were eligible for simulated enrolment into a clinical trial, into unique categories based on premorbid function. Once a patient met eligibility criteria a rapid 'baseline assessment' was conducted to categorise patients into one of eight specified groups.

Recovery, Risks, and Adverse Health Outcomes in Year 1 After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Background: Cross-sectional studies suggest that patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have adverse health outcomes and high risk for mental health problems after discharge.

Objectives: To describe the recovery of discharged patients during the first year after ECMO.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, data were collected 3, 6, and 12 months after discontinuation of ECMO and discharge.

The impact of disability in survivors of critical illness.

Purpose: To use the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning to measure disability following critical illness using patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study conducted in five metropolitan intensive care units (ICU). Participants were adults who had been admitted to the ICU, received more than 24 h of mechanical ventilation and survived to hospital discharge.

Assessment of Resident Physicians' Communicator and Collaborator Competencies by Interprofessional Clinicians: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Unlabelled: Phenomenon: As we move toward competency-based medical education, greater emphasis is being placed on assessing a more comprehensive skill set, including the ability to communicate and collaborate effectively in the workplace. Nonphysician members on interprofessional (IP) teams have valuable perspectives on actual resident performance and are often not adequately engaged in the provision of feedback to residents. Based on the educational theories of collaborative evaluation and social constructivism, this research examined the ability of IP clinicians to provide feedback to residents.