A Mini-Review of Current Treatment Approaches and Gene Therapy as Potential Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus Types 1.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic condition characterized by the loss or dysfunction of β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in insufficient insulin production. This mini-review examines current treatment approaches and explores the potential of gene therapy as interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The discussed strategies include β-cell sensitization, β-cell regeneration from various cell sources, stem cell therapies, and the promotion of β-cell replication.

Ectopic expression of insulin in a type 1 diabetic rat model by injection of manipulated mesenchymal stem cells with an insulin construct driven by a glucose-sensitive promoter in the port vein.

The treatment of type 1 diabetes through islet cell transplantation is a complex process, facing challenges such as allograft rejections and a limited supply of donors. One potential solution is to utilize the liver as an alternative for natural insulin production, as hepatocytes can secrete proteins and respond to glucose levels. Recent research has shown promising results in using mesenchymal stem cells as a potential cure for diabetes.

Display of human and rabbit monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 on human embryonic kidney 293T cell surface.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a protein that is secreted immediately upon endothelial injury, and thereby it plays a key role in inflammation via recruitment of leucocytes to the site of inflammation at the beginning and throughout the inflammatory processes. Aim of this study was to develop two separate cell lines displaying either human MCP-1 (HMCP-1) or rabbit MCP-1 (RMCP-1) on their surface. A DNA fragment containing HMCP-1- or RMCP-1-encoding sequence was inserted into a pcDNA plasmid.

IL-23 plasma level measurement in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to healthy subjects.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with unknown etiology and variable clinical evolution. Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a member of the IL-12 cytokine family is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the IL-12p40 subunit, and with a novel p19 subunit, its ability to enhance the expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells indicates the responsibility for many of the inflammatory autoimmune responses.

Objective: The objective of the project is to measure IL-23 level in plasma of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with healthy control subjects.