Enzymatically and chemically starch nanoparticles preparation using ultrasonication, precipitation and lyophilization post-treatments: Screening and characterization.

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) have been used in food emulsions as natural stabilizer and emulsifier. SNPs in colloidal form were produced using enzymatically, acidic and alkaline hydrolyses in combination to ultrasonication and precipitation methods. X-Ray diffraction test for produced SNPs indicated that enzymatically and acidic prepared SNPs had amorphous structure while, the resulted SNPs using alkaline hydrolysis had lower relatively crystallinity.

Enhancing the efficacy of nano-curcumin on cancer cells through mixture design optimization of three emulsifiers.

Curcumin, a vital bioactive compound found naturally, has diverse biological applications. However, a major limitation of curcumin is its low bioavailability caused by its limited solubility in water. Hence, it is possible to overcome this problem through preparing oil in water nanodispersion of curcumin that emulsifier can play key role to produce nanodispersion.

Natural-based edible nanocomposite coating for beef meat packaging.

Researchers have made significant discoveries in addressing the limitations of essential oils (EOs) in food packaging using encapsulation systems combined with nanoparticles (NPs). This study aimed to develop a unique coating for beef preservation using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The optimal formulation of NLCs was determined based on size, zeta potential, and loading rate, achieving a content of 71.

Lyophilized royal jelly preparation in nanoscale and evaluation of its physicochemical properties and bactericidal activity.

Royal jelly, due to its unique bioactive components, has special biological activities, but a great extent of its nutritional value is lost during processing and storage. Lyophilization, an effective preservation technique, can feasibly preserve the main bioactive compounds present in royal jelly. In this study, fresh royal jelly was subjected to the freeze-drying process at a pressure and temperature of 100 Pa and - 70°C, respectively, for 40 h.

Enzymatically preparation of starch nanoparticles using freeze drying technique - Gelatinization, optimization and characterization.

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) in colloidal forms were prepared using enzymatically pretreatment and four different gelatinization methods based on autoclave, microwave, ultrasonication and normal heating with stirring. Furthermore, SNPs in powder form were prepared using freeze drying technique. Results indicated that the formed SNPs using starch solution (1 % W/V) and ultrasonication technique had lowest mean particle size (151 nm) and PDI (0.

Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using extract and five different thermal accelerated techniques: fabrication and characterization.

is bisexual population of the Lake Urmia of Iran. Its biomass was freeze dried and using its lyophilized powder, hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared and utilized in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) synthesis. Six different Au NPs fabrication methods namely: microwave heating, hydrothermal, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ultrasonication, common heating using conventional heating, and self-assembling were utilized for Au NPs synthesis using extract.

Developing three-component ginger-cinnamon-cardamom composite essential oil nanoemulsion as natural food preservatives.

Plant-based functional lipid ingredients, such as essential oils, with antioxidant and antibacterial activities, have gained substantial attention in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations due to the increasing disquiet about the risks of artificial preservatives. However, similar to other lipid-based bioactives, their application in water-based products is challenging owing to their low water solubility and high chemical instability, especially during exposure to light, heat, moisture, and oxygen. Hence, the incorporation of essential oils into water-dispersible nanoemulsion systems can effectively address these issues.

Hydrothermally extraction of saponin from root - Physico-chemical characteristics and antibacterial activity evaluation.

Saponin was extracted from root under subcritical water conditions, and effects of root powder and pH of the solution were evaluated on the concentration of the saponin as manifested in its foamability and antioxidant activity using RSM. FT-IR analysis indicated that root extract had 2 main functional groups (hydroxyl and amide I groups). Saponin with the highest foam height (4.

Green approach in food nanotechnology based on subcritical water: effects of thyme oil and saponin on characteristics of the prepared oil in water nanoemulsions.

Thyme oil in water nanomulsion was prepared under subcritical water conditions using water and saponin, as solvent and emulsifier, respectively. Gas chromatography revealed that there were 44 bioactive components in the extracted thyme essential oil which, thymol and carvacrol were two mains of them. Experiments were designed based on central composite design and effects of amounts of saponin and thyme essential oil were evaluated on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the prepared nanoemulsions using response surface methodology.

Effects of rotation speed and time, as solvent removal parameters, on the physico-chemical properties of prepared α-tocopherol nanoemulsions using solvent-displacement technique.

A bottom-up approach based on solvent-displacement technique was used to prepare α-tocopherol nanoemulsions. Effects of two main evaporation parameters namely, rotation speed (1 × 10-9 × 10 rpm) and rotation time (5-15 min) of utilized vacuum rotary evaporator, on the mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and α-tocopherol degradation of the formed nanodroplets were evaluated using response surface methodology. Obtained results suggested three polynomial regression models for predicting the studied response variables' affected by selected evaporation parameters.

Nanobiotechnology approach in intracellular selenium nanoparticle synthesis using Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fabrication and characterization.

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were synthesized using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Influences of different amounts of sodium selenite (5.0, 10.

Collagen modulates functional activity of hepatic cells inside alginate-galactosylated chitosan hydrogel microcapsules.

To provide comparable hepatic tissue microenvironment and induce functional behavior for hepatocytes, galctosylated-chitosan (GC) as well as collagen (Col) was added to alginate microcapsule coated with extra layer of chitosan. Four different hydrogel groups of alginate/chitosan (AC); alginate-galactosylated chitosan/chitosan (AGC/C); alginate-collagen/chitosan (ACol/C); and alginate-galactosylated chitosan-collagen/chitosan (AGCCol/C) were prepared and characterized for physical properties such as porosity, swelling, degradation rate, and stiffness. Introduction of GC as well as Col to alginate regulated significantly the physical properties of the resultant hydrogels.

Optimization the formulation parameters in preparation of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using low-energy solvent displacement technique.

α-Tocopherol is the main compound of vitamin E with great antioxidant activity. However, like other functional lipid bioactive compounds, it suffers from low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and liable chemical structure. A bottom-up procedure based on a solvent-displacement method was constructed for fabrication of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using response surface methodology (RSM).

Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Physico-Chemical and Antibacterial Properties.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized using () leaf extract, as both reducing and stabilizing agents through microwave irradiation method. The effects of a 1% (/) amount of leaf extract (0.1⁻0.

β-Carotene nanodispersions synthesis by three-component stabilizer system using mixture design.

In current research, simple centroid mixture design was applied to evaluate the interaction effects between three selected food grade stabilizers, namely, Tween 80, gelatine and pectin as stabilizing system in the formation of carotenoid nanoparticles through solvent displacement process. Both, particle size and β-carotene loss of produced nanodispersions, as selected response factors, special cubic regression models with acceptable determination coefficient (>90%) was obtained. The multiple response optimization analysis showed that the overall optimum concentration for stabilizers will be 35% w/w Tween 80, 46% w/w gelatine and 19% w/w pectin, which led to the production of β-carotene nanoparticles of spherical shape with minimum particle size of 155.

Chitosan magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery systems.

The potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in drug delivery systems (DDSs) is mainly related to its magnetic core and surface coating. These coatings can eliminate or minimize their aggregation under physiological conditions. Also, they can provide functional groups for bioconjugation to anticancer drugs and/or targeted ligands.

Application of magnetic nanoparticles in smart enzyme immobilization.

Immobilization of enzymes enhances their properties for efficient utilization in industrial processes. Magnetic nanoparticles, due to their high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio and easy separation under external magnetic fields, are highly valued. Significant progress has been made to develop new catalytic systems that are immobilized onto magnetic nanocarriers.

Effects of homogenization process parameters on physicochemical properties of astaxanthin nanodispersions prepared using a solvent-diffusion technique.

Nanodispersion systems allow incorporation of lipophilic bioactives, such as astaxanthin (a fat soluble carotenoid) into aqueous systems, which can improve their solubility, bioavailability, and stability, and widen their uses in water-based pharmaceutical and food products. In this study, response surface methodology was used to investigate the influences of homogenization time (0.5-20 minutes) and speed (1,000-9,000 rpm) in the formation of astaxanthin nanodispersions via the solvent-diffusion process.

Application of chitosan-based nanocarriers in tumor-targeted drug delivery.

Cancer is one of the major malignant diseases in the world. Current anti tumor agents are restricted during the chemotherapy due to their poor solubility in aqueous media, multidrug resistance problems, cytotoxicity, and serious side effects to healthy tissues. Development of targeted drug nanocarriers would enhance the undesirable effects of anticancer drugs and also selectively deliver them to cancerous tissues.

Preparation of astaxanthin nanodispersions using gelatin-based stabilizer systems.

The incorporation of lipophilic nutrients, such as astaxanthin (a fat soluble carotenoid) in nanodispersion systems can either increase the water solubility, stability and bioavailability or widen their applications in aqueous food and pharmaceutical formulations. In this research, gelatin and its combinations with sucrose oleate as a small molecular emulsifier, sodium caseinate (SC) as a protein and gum Arabic as a polysaccharide were used as stabilizer systems in the formation of astaxanthin nanodispersions via an emulsification-evaporation process. The results indicated that the addition of SC to gelatin in the stabilizer system could increase the chemical stability of astaxanthin nanodispersions significantly, while using a mixture of gelatin and sucrose oleate as a stabilizer led to production of nanodispersions with the smallest particle size (121.

Influence of small RNAs on biofilm formation process in bacteria.

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) play a significant role in regulation of bacterial physiological behaviors. After sensing any environmental cue such as fluctuation of nutrient concentration, temperature, pH, and osmolarity, these sRNAs interfere to transmit these signals to target regulators and genes. sRNAs have key role in biofilm formation process by base pairing with target mRNAs or interaction with modulating proteins to both positive and negative regulation mechanisms.

Effect of organic-phase solvents on physicochemical properties and cellular uptake of astaxanthin nanodispersions.

A simplex centroid mixture design was used to study the interactions between two chosen solvents, dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone (ACT), as organic-phase components in the formation and physicochemical characterization and cellular uptake of astaxanthin nanodispersions produced using precipitation and condensation processes. Full cubic or quadratic regression models with acceptable determination coefficients were obtained for all of the studied responses. Multiple-response optimization predicted that the organic phase with 38% (w/w) DCM and 62% (w/w) ACT yielded astaxanthin nanodispersions with the minimum particle size (106 nm), polydispersity index (0.