A cutting-edge immunomodulatory interlinkage between HOTAIR and MALAT1 in tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer: A personalized immunotherapeutic approach.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers, accounting for 2.3 million cases worldwide. BC can be molecularly subclassified into luminal A, luminal B HER2-, luminal B HER2+, HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

The Monocyte, a Maestro in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is well-known for being a leading cause of death worldwide. It is classified molecularly into luminal A, luminal B HER2-, luminal B HER2+, HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These subtypes differ in their prognosis; thus, understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) makes new treatment strategies possible.

An Online Management System for Streamlining and Enhancing the Quality of Learning Outcomes Assessment.

Learning outcomes assessment is an effective academic quality assurance tool that enables educators to review and enhance the alignment between planned, delivered, and experienced curricula. Accurately assessing what students know and are able to do after completing a learning module is the first step to decide on the strategies to implement and the proper actions to take in order to ensure the continuous improvement of the student learning experience. Nonetheless, learning outcomes assessment processes in higher education are still facing major challenges that affect their proper and effective implementation.

Intraocular metastases of lung origin: Case reports and cytology correlates.

Intraocular metastases from the lung are a common occurrence and an important differential for cytopathologists reading fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). It is a particularly challenging diagnosis when the patient has had no previous diagnosis of lung cancer. We present two cases of intraocular metastases from lung primaries, and we discuss the clinical, radiological, and cytopathological features that help differentiate intraocular metastases of lung primary from other intraocular tumours, in the setting of FNAB.

Biphasic chest wall synovial sarcoma with epithelial pleural effusion: a diagnostic challenge.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare malignancy that most commonly involves the extremities and large joints. We describe a 67-year-old woman who presented with shortness of breath and flu-like symptoms, and a chest wall mass. On resection of the mass biphasic morphology of SS was noted, as well as confirmatory immunostains including TLE1 and bcl2.

Phthisis bulbi: clinical and pathologic findings in retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Phthisis bulbi represents an ocular end-stage disease characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the eye. We aim at identifying the pathologic changes of phthisis bulbi associated with retinoblastoma.

Design: Retrospective observational case series study.

Metachronous aneurysmal bone cyst in a 9-year-old boy: case report and review of the literature.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a locally aggressive, benign bone tumor that commonly affects children. Metachronous ABCs are rare, and have been described only three times in the literature. Here we present a fourth case in a 9-year-old boy who presented with an ABC of the scapula; 2½ years later he presented with a tibial ABC.

Chorangioma and related vascular lesions of the placenta--a review.

Chorangioma has been referred to as a hamartoma-like, or a hyperplastic capillary lesion, rather than a true neoplasm. Its incidence is 1 in 100 placentas. In chorangiomas larger than 4 cm, there can be significant effects on the hemodynamic and circulatory processes of the fetus, leading to grave clinical consequences, such as polyhydramnios and fetal heart failure.

Intraosseous benign notochordal cell tumor.

Intraosseous benign notochordal cell tumor is a presumably benign, intravertebral lesion of notochord origin, which can be found incidentally on removal of the vertebra for unrelated lesions or during an autopsy. The notion of a larger benign notochordal cell tumor that is macroscopic, occasionally symptomatic, and seen radiologically was recently introduced, and described as giant vertebral notochordal rest, giant notochordal hamartoma of intraosseous origin, and benign chordoma . Because of the location, size, and similar histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, larger benign notochordal cell tumors are easily misdiagnosed as the malignant notochord-type of tumor/chordoma, with critical implications.

Cellular angiofibroma is genetically similar to spindle cell lipoma: a case report.

Cellular angiofibroma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of female and male genital tract composed of prominent vasculature and stromal spindle cells, often with admixture of adipose tissue. The tumor has histomorphologic similarities to angiomyofibroblastoma and spindle cell lipoma. Herein we describe a tumor arising in the perineal region of a 60-year-old man with morphological and immunohistochemical features of cellular angiofibroma and showing cytogenetic characteristics similar to spindle cell lipoma.

Infarcted ectopic spleen presenting as retroperitoneal mass.

Wandering or ectopic spleen is an exceptionally rare condition. Because of the abnormally long pedicle, an ectopic spleen is prone to torsion and infarction. Patients can present with abdominal pain or an acute abdomen.