The global distribution of oral and maxillofacial surgeons: a mixed-methods study.

Despite its role in treating the most dominant non-communicable diseases worldwide, the global workforce of oral and maxillofacial (OM) surgeons is not well-characterized. To address the current deficit in understanding of the global OM surgeon workforce and to elevate oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) in the global health discourse, we join other surgical specialties in evaluating global surgical capacity with a descriptive analysis of the distribution of OM surgeons worldwide. A mixed-methods study was implemented using a combination of literature review, in-country contacts, internet searches, and survey data.

Unexpected Poor Growth in Pediatric Patients on Food-based Enteral Therapy: Case Series and Suggested Practice Changes.

Introduction: Enteral feeding pumps at times may deliver different volumes than are prescribed, which can negatively impact growth, nutrition, and well-being. This study sought to assess whether challenges with pump accuracy for patients on food-based formulas contributed to challenges with weight gain.

Methods: Chart review identified complex feeding patients receiving food-based enteral nutrition via feeding pump with unexpected weight loss.

Lineage-specific differentiation of osteogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells reveals the FGF1-RUNX2 association in neural crest-derived osteoprogenitors.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide a platform to model bone organogenesis and disease. To reflect the developmental process of the human skeleton, hPSC differentiation methods should include osteogenic progenitors (OPs) arising from three distinct embryonic lineages: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. Although OP differentiation protocols have been developed, the lineage from which they are derived, as well as characterization of their genetic and molecular differences, has not been well reported.

Optimizing the integration of advanced practitioners in a department of surgery: An operational improvement model.

Physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) have established themselves as key members of the healthcare team to supplement practicing physicians in patient care. PAs and NPs are collectively referred to as "advanced providers" (APs) and work not only in primary care but in general surgery and surgical subspecialties. Studies have addressed AP integration into the profession of medicine and have examined cost and efficacy of APs, attitudes about APs among residents, and educational impact of APs, but very little literature exists that describes a formalized approach to AP integration into a department of surgery, specifically with AP/resident integration.

Trauma Leadership Strategies to Prevent and Reduce Burnout in Urban Academic Trauma Centers.

The incidence of burnout syndrome is increasing among all health care disciplines. The core members of the trauma team in high-performing trauma centers are the greatest risk. It is the responsibility of trauma leadership to raise awareness of risk factors, implement standardized assessment tools, and develop strategies to mitigate burnout in employees.

Improving geriatric trauma outcomes: A small step toward a big problem.

Background: Because of the unique physiology and comorbidities of injured geriatric patients, specific interventions are needed to improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a change in triage criteria for injured geriatric patients evaluated at an American College of Surgeons Level I trauma center.

Methods: As of October 1, 2013, all injured patients 70 years or older were mandated to have the highest-level trauma activation upon emergency department (ED) arrival regardless of physiology or mechanism of injury.