The text discusses flaviviruses, which are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, posing a major global health threat by infecting around 400 million people annually.
Climate change has expanded the geographical reach of these viruses, such as dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika.
The review highlights the complexity of diagnosing these infections due to serological cross-reactivity among the viruses, emphasizing the importance of various serological assays, with neutralization tests being the preferred method for differentiation.