Differential cell architecture and microenvironmental responses of pretumoral and tumoral cellular models exposed to coverslip-induced hypoxia.

The tumor microenvironment is an altered milieu that imposes multiple selective pressures leading to the survival and dissemination of aggressive and fit tumor cell subpopulations. How pre-tumoral and tumoral cells respond to changes in their microenvironment will determine the subsequent evolution of the tumor. In this study, we have subjected pre-tumoral and tumoral cells to coverslip-induced hypoxia, which recapitulates the intracellular hypoxia and extracellular acidification characteristic of the early tumor microenvironment, and we have used a combination of quantitative phase microscopy and epifluorescence to analyze diverse cellular responses to this altered environment.

Abstract thematic roles in infants' representation of social events.

Infants' thoughts are classically characterized as iconic, perceptual-like representations. Less clear is whether preverbal infants also possess a propositional language of thought, where mental symbols are combined according to syntactic rules, very much like words in sentences. Because it is rich, productive, and abstract, a language of thought would provide a key to explaining impressive achievements in early infancy, from logical inference to representation of false beliefs.

Differential effects of coverslip-induced hypoxia and cobalt chloride mimetic hypoxia on cellular stress, metabolism, and nuclear structure.

Hypoxia has profound effects on cell physiology, both in normal or pathological settings like cancer. In this study, we asked whether a variant of coverslip-induced hypoxia that recapitulates the conditions found in the tumor microenvironment would elicit similar cellular responses compared to the well established model of cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia. Comparable levels of nuclear HIF-1α were observed after 24 h of coverslip-induced hypoxia or cobalt chloride treatment in CAL-27 oral squamous carcinoma cells.

Visual Preference for Socially Relevant Spatial Relations in Humans and Monkeys.

As a powerful social signal, a body, face, or gaze facing toward oneself holds an individual's attention. We asked whether, going beyond an egocentric stance, facingness between others has a similar effect and why. In a preferential-looking time paradigm, human adults showed spontaneous preference to look at two bodies facing toward (vs.

Infants' understanding of the causal power of agents and tools.

Tools are objects that are manipulated by agents with the intention to cause an effect in the world. We show that the cognitive capacity to understand tools is present in young infants, even if these tools produce arbitrary, causally opaque effects. In experiments 1-2, we used pupillometry to show that 8-mo-old infants infer an invisible causal contact to account for the-otherwise unexplained-motion of a ball.

The pupil collaboration: A multi-lab, multi-method analysis of goal attribution in infants.

The rise of pupillometry in infant research over the last decade is associated with a variety of methods for data preprocessing and analysis. Although pupil diameter is increasingly recognized as an alternative measure of the popular cumulative looking time approach used in many studies (Jackson & Sirois, 2022), an open question is whether the many approaches used to analyse this variable converge. To this end, we proposed a crowdsourced approach to pupillometry analysis.

Contributions of viral oncogenes of HPV-18 and hypoxia to oxidative stress and genetic damage in human keratinocytes.

Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses like HPV-16 and HPV-18 is highly associated with the development of cervical and other cancers. Malignant transformation requires viral oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7, which promote cell proliferation and increase DNA damage. Oxidative stress and hypoxia are also key factors in cervical malignant transformation.

Incomplete language-of-thought in infancy.

The view that infants possess a full-fledged propositional language-of-thought (LoT) is appealing, providing a unifying account for infants' precocious reasoning skills in many domains. However, careful appraisal of empirical evidence suggests that there is still no convincing evidence that infants possess discrete representations of abstract relations, suggesting that infants' LoT remains incomplete. Parallel arguments hold for perception.

Artificial Intelligence for Image Analysis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review.

Head and neck tumor differential diagnosis and prognosis have always been a challenge for oral pathologists due to their similarities and complexity. Artificial intelligence novel applications can function as an auxiliary tool for the objective interpretation of histomorphological digital slides. In this review, we present digital histopathological image analysis applications in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Intermodulation responses show integration of interacting bodies in a new whole.

People are often seen among other people, relating to and interacting with one another. Recent studies suggest that socially relevant spatial relations between bodies, such as the face-to-face positioning, or facingness, change the visual representation of those bodies, relative to when the same items appear unrelated (e.g.

Mechanical profile of human keratinocytes expressing HPV-18 oncogenes.

During tumorigenesis, the mechanical properties of cancer cells change markedly, with decreased stiffness often accompanying a more invasive phenotype. Less is known about the changes in mechanical parameters at intermediate stages in the process of malignant transformation. We have recently developed a pre-tumoral cell model by stably transducing the immortalized but non-tumorigenic human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT with the E5, E6 and E7 oncogenes from HPV-18, one of the leading causes of cervical cancer and other types of cancer worldwide.

Representations of Abstract Relations in Infancy.

relations are considered the pinnacle of human cognition, allowing for analogical and logical reasoning, and possibly setting humans apart from other animal species. Recent experimental evidence showed that infants are capable of representing the abstract relations and , prompting the question of the format of such representations. In a propositional language of thought, abstract relations would be represented in the form of discrete symbols.

Hypoxia, acidification and oxidative stress in cells cultured at large distances from an oxygen source.

Hypoxia is a condition frequently encountered by cells in tissues, whether as a normal feature of their microenvironment or subsequent to deregulated growth. Hypoxia can lead to acidification and increased oxidative stress, with profound consequences for cell physiology and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the interplay between hypoxia and oxidative stress is an important aspect for understanding the effects of hypoxic microenvironments on cells.

Spanish-learning infants switch from a vowel to a consonant bias during the first year of life.

The consonant bias is evidenced by a greater reliance on consonants over vowels in lexical processing. Although attested during adulthood for most Roman and Germanic languages (e.g.

Visual object categorization in infancy.

Humans make sense of the world by organizing things into categories. When and how does this process begin? We investigated whether real-world object categories that spontaneously emerge in the first months of life match categorical representations of objects in the human visual cortex. Using eye tracking, we measured the differential looking time of 4-, 10-, and 19-mo-olds as they looked at pairs of pictures belonging to eight animate or inanimate categories (human/nonhuman, faces/bodies, real-world size big/small, natural/artificial).

Acceleration of information processing en route to perceptual awareness in infancy.

Electrophysiological studies have suggested an acceleration in information processing in the first years of life, probably largely caused by the progressive myelination of the cortex. Here, we ask whether and how this acceleration affects information processes that contribute to perceptual awareness. We addressed this issue leveraging on the attentional blink phenomenon in infants, children, and adult participants.

Visual perception grounding of social cognition in preverbal infants.

Social life is inherently relational, entailing the ability to recognize and monitor social entities and the relationships between them. Very young infants privilege socially relevant entities in the visual world, such as faces and bodies. Here, we show that six-month-old infants also discriminate between configurations of multiple human bodies, based on the internal visuo-spatial relations between bodies, which could cue-or not-social interaction.

Spatial Relations Trigger Visual Binding of People.

To navigate the social world, humans must represent social entities and the relationships between those entities, starting with spatial relationships. Recent research suggests that two bodies are processed with particularly high efficiency in visual perception, when they are in a spatial positioning that cues interaction, that is, close and face-to-face. Socially relevant spatial relations such as facingness may facilitate visual perception by triggering grouping of bodies into a new integrated percept, which would make the stimuli more visible and easier to process.

Negative mental representations in infancy.

How do infants' thoughts compare to the thoughts adults express with language? In particular, can infants entertain negative representations, such as not red or not here? In four experiments, we used pupillometry to ask whether negative representations are possible without an external language. Eleven-month-olds were tested on their ability to detect and represent the abstract structure of sequences of syllables, defined by the relations identity and/or negation: AAAA (four identical syllables; Experiment 1), AAA¬A (three times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 2), AA(A)(A)¬A (two-to-four times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 3). Representing the structures in Experiments 2-3 requires a form of negation.

Conscious processing of auditory regularities induces a pupil dilation.

Pupil dilation has been reliably identified as a physiological marker of consciously reportable mental effort. This classical finding raises the question of whether or not pupil dilation could be a specific somatic signature of conscious processing. In order to explore this possibility, we engaged healthy volunteers in the 'local global' auditory paradigm we previously designed to disentangle conscious from non-conscious processing of novelty.

Infants learn a rule predicated on the relation same but fail to simultaneously learn a rule predicated on the relation different.

In two experiments, we assessed whether infants are able to learn rules predicated on two abstract relations linked by negation: same and different (not same). In an anticipatory looking paradigm, the relation between successive colored geometrical shapes predicted the location where a puppet would appear next. In Experiment 1, 7-month-olds learned and generalized a rule predicated on the relation same, but not a rule predicated on the relation different.

Children's representation of abstract relations in relational/array match-to-sample tasks.

Five experiments compared preschool children's performance to that of adults and of non-human animals on match to sample tasks involving 2-item or 16-item arrays that varied according to their composition of same or different items (Array Match-to-Sample, AMTS). They establish that, like non-human animals in most studies, 3- and 4-year-olds fail 2-item AMTS (the classic relational match to sample task introduced into the literature by Premack, 1983), and that robust success is not observed until age 6. They also establish that 3-year-olds, like non-human animal species, succeed only when they are able to encode stimuli in terms of entropy, a property of an array (namely its internal variability), rather than relations among the individuals in the array (same vs.