Co-design for technology in paediatric therapy: Developing an augmented reality intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder.

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning and performing movements, often requiring increased feedback. Technology may be useful for delivering augmented feedback. Co-design methodology for developing therapeutic interventions has become popular in healthcare, including for technology in rehabilitation.

Data-driven decomposition and staging of flortaucipir uptake in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Previous approaches pursuing in vivo staging of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have typically relied on neuropathologically defined criteria. In using predefined systems, these studies may miss spatial deposition patterns which are informative of disease progression.

Methods: We selected discovery (n = 418) and replication (n = 132) cohorts with flortaucipir imaging.

Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and neuroimaging biomarker utility in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are crucial to understanding disease pathophysiology, aiding accurate diagnosis and identifying target treatments. Although the number of biomarkers continues to grow, the relative utility and uniqueness of each is poorly understood as prior work has typically calculated serial pairwise relationships on only a handful of markers at a time. The present study assessed the cross-sectional relationships among 27 Alzheimer's disease biomarkers simultaneously and determined their ability to predict meaningful clinical outcomes using machine learning.

Brain structure and function in the fourth decade of life after extremely low birth weight: An MRI and EEG study.

Objective: To examine potential long-term effects of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤ 1000 g) on adult brain structure, brain function, and cognitive-behavioral performance.

Methods: A subset of survivors from the prospectively-followed McMaster ELBW Cohort (n = 23, M = 816 g) and their peers born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥ 2500 g; n = 14, M = 3361 g) provided T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, resting electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and behavioral responses to a face-processing task in their early thirties.

Results: Visual discrimination accuracy for human faces, resting EEG alpha power, and long-distance alpha coherence were lower in ELBW survivors than NBW adults, and volumes of white matter hypointensities (WMH) were higher.

Assessing clinical cure of empirical piperacillin/tazobactam for ESBL urinary tract infections (ACCEPT-UTI).

Background: Data are limited regarding use of piperacillin/tazobactam for ESBL urinary tract infections (UTIs). The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of patients treated empirically with piperacillin/tazobactam versus carbapenems for ESBL UTIs.

Methods: This retrospective, observational, propensity score-matched study evaluated adults with an ESBL on urine culture.

Longitudinal head-to-head comparison of C-PiB and F-florbetapir PET in a Phase 2/3 clinical trial of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: Pittsburgh Compound-B (C-PiB) and F-florbetapir are amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that have been used as endpoints in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies. However, comparing drug effects between and within trials may become complicated if different Aβ radiotracers were used. To study the consequences of using different Aβ radiotracers to measure Aβ clearance, we performed a head-to-head comparison of C-PiB and F-florbetapir in a Phase 2/3 clinical trial of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies.

Novel Alzheimer's disease locus identified by genome-wide association analysis of cerebral tau deposition on PET.

Determining the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies can enhance mechanistic understanding and inform precision medicine strategies. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of cortical tau quantified by positron emission tomography in 3,136 participants from 12 independent studies. The locus was associated with tau deposition.

Can't keep it SECRET: system evaluation of carbapenem restriction against empirical therapy.

Objectives: Carbapenems are appealing agents for empirical use given their broad spectrum of activity; however, selective use is vital in minimizing the risk for development of carbapenem-resistant pathogens. We aimed to examine the impact of carbapenem restriction criteria and a pre-authorization process on utilization and cost savings across a health system.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted across five adult hospitals.

Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in the DIAN-TU-001 Trial of Gantenerumab and Solanezumab: Lessons from a Trial in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Disease.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of participants with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in a trial of gantenerumab or solanezumab in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (DIAD).

Methods: 142 DIAD mutation carriers received either gantenerumab SC (n = 52), solanezumab IV (n = 50), or placebo (n = 40). Participants underwent assessments with the Clinical Dementia Rating® (CDR®), neuropsychological testing, CSF biomarkers, β-amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor ARIA.

Time to defervescence evaluation for extended- vs. standard-infusion cefepime in patients with acute leukemia and febrile neutropenia.

Background/objectives: Febrile neutropenia (FN) occurs in up to 80% of patients with hematologic malignancies. Evidence suggests using extended infusions (EI) of beta-lactams can improve outcomes in some populations, but there is limited clinical literature comparing cefepime standard infusion (SI) versus EI for FN. The FDA-approved regimen for FN was used at a large community teaching hospital for patients with FN until a hospital-wide EI beta-lactam protocol was introduced that allowed for EI cefepime in FN at the physicians' discretion.

Structural Connectivity and Emotion Recognition Impairment in Children and Adolescents with Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) exhibit impaired ability to process and understand emotions in others.

Association of Elevated Amyloid and Tau Positron Emission Tomography Signal With Near-Term Development of Alzheimer Disease Symptoms in Older Adults Without Cognitive Impairment.

Importance: National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) workgroups have proposed biological research criteria intended to identify individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective: To assess the clinical value of these biological criteria to identify older individuals without cognitive impairment who are at near-term risk of developing symptomatic AD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal cohort study used data from 4 independent population-based cohorts (PREVENT-AD, HABS, AIBL, and Knight ADRC) collected between 2003 and 2021.

Development and Co-design of NeuroOrb: A Novel "Serious Gaming" System Targeting Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.

Whilst Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically thought of as a motor disease, a significant number of individuals also experience cognitive impairment (CI), ranging from mild-CI to dementia. One technique that may prove effective in delaying the onset of CI in PD is cognitive training (CT); however, evidence to date is variable. This may be due to the implementation of CT in this population, with the motor impairments of PD potentially hampering the ability to use standard equipment, such as pen-and-paper or a computer mouse.

In Silico Analysis and Synthesis of Nafamostat Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity.

Inhibition of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is expected to block the spike protein-mediated fusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nafamostat, a potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor as well as a candidate for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, possesses the same acyl substructure as camostat, but is known to have a greater antiviral effect. A unique aspect of the molecular binding of nafamostat has been recently reported to be the formation of a covalent bond between its acyl substructure and Ser441 in TMPRSS2.

Preliminary Analysis of a Wireless and Wearable Electronic-Textile EASI-Based Electrocardiogram.

With cardiovascular disease continuing to be the leading cause of death and the primary reason for hospitalization worldwide, there is an increased burden on healthcare facilities. Electronic-textile (e-textile)-based cardiac monitoring offers a viable option to allow cardiac rehabilitation programs to be conducted outside of the hospital. This study aimed to determine whether signals produced by an e-textile ECG monitor with textile electrodes in an EASI configuration are of sufficient quality to be used for cardiac monitoring.

Diet Quality Index for older adults (DQI-65): development and use in predicting adherence to dietary recommendations and health markers in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey.

Diet quality indexes (DQI) are useful tools for assessing diet quality in relation to health and guiding delivery of personalised nutritional advice; however, existing DQI are limited in their applicability to older adults (aged ≥ 65 years). Therefore, this research aimed to develop a novel evidence-based DQI specific to older adults (DQI-65). Three DQI-65 variations were developed to assess the impacts of different component quantitation methods and inclusion of physical activity.

Implementation of a Pharmacist-Led Culture and Susceptibility Review System in Urgent Care and Outpatient Settings.

Background: Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat. The purpose of this project is to implement a pharmacist-managed culture review service to decrease and prevent inappropriate use of antibiotics. This service will intervene in cases of mismatched antibiotic-bacteria combinations to decrease health care provider (HCP) and nursing interruptions, improve patient outcomes, and enhance prescribing practices to reduce occurrence of antibiotic resistance.

Optimizing Cognitive Training for the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Current Limitations and Future Directions.

Cognitive dysfunction, primarily involving impairments in executive function, visuospatial function and memory, is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, the only pharmacological treatments available for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in PD provide variable benefit, making the search for potential non-pharmacological therapies to improve cognitive function of significant interest. One such therapeutic strategy may be cognitive training (CT), which involves the repetition of standardized tasks with the aim of improving specific aspects of cognition.

The role of dietary nitrate and the oral microbiome on blood pressure and vascular tone.

There is increasing evidence for the health benefits of dietary nitrates including lowering blood pressure and enhancing cardiovascular health. Although commensal oral bacteria play an important role in converting dietary nitrate to nitrite, very little is known about the potential role of these bacteria in blood pressure regulation and maintenance of vascular tone. The main purpose of this review is to present the current evidence on the involvement of the oral microbiome in mediating the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function and to identify sources of inter-individual differences in bacterial composition.

The Effect of Chronic Preoperative Opioid Use on Surgical Site Infections, Length of Stay, and Readmissions.

Background: Chronic opioid use in the United States is a well-recognized public health concern with many negative downstream consequences. Few data exist regarding the use of preoperative opioids in relation to outcomes after elective colorectal surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic opioid use before colorectal surgery is associated with a detriment in postoperative outcomes.